Salvatore Jessica E, Kendler Kenneth S
Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Behav Genet. 2019 Mar;49(2):211-220. doi: 10.1007/s10519-018-9934-y. Epub 2018 Oct 24.
This paper provides a critical analysis of genetically informed research on relationships, with an emphasis on relationships among unrelated individuals (e.g., spouses). To date, research in this area has used traditional behavioral genetic frameworks to either partition the variance in relationship-related outcomes into genetic and environmental components, or to examine gene-environment interplay between relationship factors and other outcomes. However, this conventional approach is at odds with the long-standing understanding from the field of relationship science that both partners' characteristics matter when predicting shared outcomes-that is, outcomes that are emergent. We examine briefly the philosophical concept of emergence, and discuss ways to model dyadic outcomes in genetically informed relationships research. We also review the related topic of social genetic effects, which refer to the influence of a social partner's genotype on a proband's phenotype. A genetically informed dyadic perspective has potentially important consequences for our understanding of the pathways from genotype→shared or individual-level phenotypes, and more fully recognizes the complexity of how genetic and social/environmental factors come together to influence human behavior.
本文对关系的基因信息研究进行了批判性分析，重点关注非亲属个体（如配偶）之间的关系。迄今为止，该领域的研究使用传统行为遗传学框架，要么将关系相关结果的方差划分为遗传和环境成分，要么研究关系因素与其他结果之间的基因 - 环境相互作用。然而，这种传统方法与关系科学领域长期以来的理解不一致，即在预测共同结果（即涌现结果）时，双方的特征都很重要。我们简要考察了涌现的哲学概念，并讨论了在基因信息关系研究中对二元结果进行建模的方法。我们还回顾了社会遗传效应这一相关主题，它指的是社会伴侣的基因型对先证者表型的影响。从基因信息二元视角出发，对于我们理解从基因型到共享或个体水平表型的途径具有潜在的重要意义，并且更充分地认识到遗传和社会/环境因素共同影响人类行为的复杂性。
