根据 1993 年至 2015 年期间进行的五次全国调查，西班牙成年人和老年人的颞下颌关节紊乱症状的发生率。

Prevalence of the Signs and Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders Among Spanish Adults and Seniors According to Five National Surveys Performed Between 1993 and 2015.

出版信息

J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2018;32(4):349-357. doi: 10.11607/ofph.2085.

DOI:10.11607/ofph.2085

Abstract

AIMS

To determine the prevalence of the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and associated variables over the past two decades in samples of Spanish adults and seniors.

METHODS

Data from Spanish national oral health surveys from the last two decades (1993, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015) were analyzed from a total of 2,602 adults (35-44 years of age) and 2,529 seniors (65-74 years of age). All surveys were carried out using similar methods (according to World Health Organization standards) for determining prosthetic, dental, and periodontal statuses. For TMD (assessed only among the adults and seniors), inspection/palpation of the temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles was used to evaluate three different domains: joint sounds; pain-related conditions (joints/muscles); and range of jaw motion. Risk factors were identified using bivariate analysis and were confirmed after a multivariate logistic regression analysis for predicting the presence of TMD pain/dysfunction.

RESULTS

Despite the clear improvement in oral health status observed over the entire study period (1993-2015), the prevalence of temporomandibular pain and dysfunction increased over time in both adults and seniors (the odds ratio [OR] 95% confidence interval [CI] for the entire study period increased, to 2.39 to 4.29). The odds of women and those living in rural areas developing TMD were higher than for men (OR = 1.85; 95% CI 1.52 to 2.25; P < .001) and for those living in urban areas (OR = 1.55; 95% CI 1.24 to 1.94; P < .001), respectively; however, the prevalence of joint sounds (with no pain or functional restrictions) appeared to be stable throughout the study period at around 14%.

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of painful or dysfunctional TMD has significantly increased in the last 22 years in Spain. Besides the time factor, other major predictors of TMD were gender and place of residence.

摘要

目的

确定过去二十年中西班牙成年人和老年人样本中颞下颌关节紊乱（TMD）的体征和症状以及相关变量的流行情况。

方法

分析了过去二十年（1993 年、2000 年、2005 年、2010 年和 2015 年）西班牙全国口腔健康调查中总计 2602 名成年人（35-44 岁）和 2529 名老年人（65-74 岁）的数据。所有调查均采用类似的方法（根据世界卫生组织标准）确定修复体、牙齿和牙周状况。对于 TMD（仅在成年人和老年人中评估），使用颞下颌关节和咀嚼肌的检查/触诊来评估三个不同的领域：关节声音；与疼痛相关的状况（关节/肌肉）；以及下颌运动范围。使用双变量分析确定危险因素，并在多元逻辑回归分析后确认用于预测 TMD 疼痛/功能障碍存在的危险因素。

结果

尽管整个研究期间（1993-2015 年）口腔健康状况明显改善，但成年人和老年人的颞下颌疼痛和功能障碍的患病率随着时间的推移而增加（整个研究期间的优势比[OR]95%置信区间[CI]增加，从 2.39 到 4.29）。女性和居住在农村地区的人的 TMD 发病几率高于男性（OR=1.85；95%CI 1.52 至 2.25；P<0.001）和居住在城市地区的人（OR=1.55；95%CI 1.24 至 1.94；P<0.001）；然而，在整个研究期间，关节声音（无疼痛或功能受限）的患病率似乎稳定在 14%左右。