Gupta Deepak, Sheikh Soheyl, Pallagatti Shambulingappa, Singh Ravinder, Aggarwal Amit
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, M.M. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India.
Open Dent J. 2018 Sep 28;12:770-781. doi: 10.2174/1745017901814010770. eCollection 2018.
The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of "subluxation" and presence of clinical signs of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMD) in asymptomatic individuals and its distribution according to age and sex.
The material investigated comprised of 200 asymptomatic subjects with 400 joints. The subjects were divided into two groups of 18-25 years and 50-60 years of age consisting of equal number of males and females. Clinical examination involved measurement of maximal inter-incisal distance, joint sounds and deviation. For radiological examination, Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) open mouth close mouth view option (TMJ1/2) was used on a Digital Panoramic Machine. All the radiographs were traced to assess subluxation and anterior translation of the condyle. The statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences ( Inc., Chicago, IL, version 15.0 for Windows).
The prevalence of the signs of TMDs in the asymptomatic population was found to be very high and more predominant in females as compared to males. Furthermore, the older age group had comparatively less signs of TMDs. It was of interest that the subjects presenting with clinical signs of TMD were significantly less as compared to the subjects presenting with subluxation. The value of anterior translation was found to be more in females in the younger age group as compared to the males. Similarly, it was more in males as compared to females in older age group. But the mean anterior translation difference in females in 18-25 years and 50-60 years showed a statistically significant difference with -value 0.017.
Subluxation is a very common feature found in almost all the subjects in this study with a high prevalence. Hence, we may assume that the increased incidence of TMDs could be a direct result of the phenomena of subluxation. The decrease in mandibular length could be the cause of decreased mouth opening and increased subluxation.
本研究的目的是确定无症状个体中“半脱位”的频率以及颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）临床体征的存在情况，并根据年龄和性别分析其分布。
所调查的材料包括200名无症状受试者的400个关节。受试者分为两组，年龄分别为18 - 25岁和50 - 60岁，每组男女数量相等。临床检查包括测量最大切牙间距离、关节弹响和偏斜。对于放射学检查，在数字全景机上使用颞下颌关节（TMJ）开口位和闭口位视图选项（TMJ1/2）。所有X线片均进行描图以评估半脱位和髁突的前移位。使用社会科学统计软件包（伊利诺伊州芝加哥市SPSS公司，Windows版15.0）进行统计分析。
发现无症状人群中TMD体征的患病率非常高，女性比男性更常见。此外，年龄较大的组TMD体征相对较少。有趣的是，出现TMD临床体征的受试者明显少于出现半脱位的受试者。发现年轻年龄组女性的前移位值比男性更大。同样，老年组男性的前移位值比女性更大。但18 - 25岁和50 - 60岁女性的平均前移位差异显示具有统计学意义，P值为0.017。
半脱位是本研究中几乎所有受试者都具有的非常常见的特征，患病率很高。因此，我们可以假设TMD发病率的增加可能是半脱位现象的直接结果。下颌长度的减小可能是张口度减小和半脱位增加的原因。
