Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020 Jun;33(11):1846-1852. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1531123. Epub 2018 Oct 29.
Feed intolerance is common in growth-restricted infants with antenatal AREDF (absent or reverse end-diastolic flow) and presumed to be more severe in those with reverse end diastolic flow (REDF). Natural history of feeding in REDF is rarely reported in the literature. To determine the incidence of feed intolerance and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates with antenatal REDF. Preterm inborn neonates with gestation <37 weeks with antenatal REDF diagnosed between January 2015 and September 2017 were included in this retrospective cohort study. The primary outcome was the proportion of neonates having feed intolerance and NEC till discharge or death or transfer to other hospitals and time to achieve full enteral feeding (150 ml/kg/day). Out of total 67 born with antenatal REDF, 8 were transferred out within 48 hours, 8 records not available and 4 excluded due to major malformations. The mean (SD) gestation and birth weight of the remaining 48 neonates were 32 (2) weeks and 1096 (291) g. The median (IQR) age of initiation of feeds was 30 (24-37) hours. Feeds were advanced by median (range) 20 (10-20) ml/kg/day in which 22 babies (45%) had at least 1 episode of feed intolerance at a median (IQR) age of 79 (40-120) hours requiring nil per oral for next 48 (18-96) hours. Full feeds were reached by median age (IQR) of nine (8-12) days. Only 3 neonates (6%) had NEC stage 2 or above as per Bell's staging. Feed intolerance is common in neonates with REDF though the risk of NEC is not high.What is known on this subject?Neonates with antenatal AREDF are at increased risk of feed intolerance and necrotizing enterocolitis.Early introduction of enteral feeds in neonates with AREDF with appropriate monitoring is safe without increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis.AEDF which progresses to REDF is associated with increased morbidity.What does this study add?Early enteral feeding as early as 24 hours can be initiated in REDF if there are no abdominal symptoms and signs.Feed intolerance is high in REDF cases.The risk of NEC is not higher than what is seen in AEDF cases.
喂养不耐受在产前存在 AREDF(无或反向舒张末期流量)的生长受限婴儿中很常见,并且在存在反向舒张末期流量(REDF)的婴儿中更为严重。文献中很少报道 REDF 婴儿的喂养自然史。目的是确定产前 REDF 的新生儿中喂养不耐受和坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)的发生率。这项回顾性队列研究纳入了 2015 年 1 月至 2017 年 9 月期间出生的胎龄<37 周的产前 REDF 早产儿。主要结局是直至出院或死亡或转至其他医院以及达到全肠内喂养(150ml/kg/天)的时间,出现喂养不耐受和 NEC 的新生儿比例。在总共 67 例产前 REDF 中,有 8 例在 48 小时内转院,8 例记录不可用,4 例因严重畸形而排除。其余 48 例新生儿的平均(SD)胎龄和出生体重分别为 32(2)周和 1096(291)g。喂养开始的中位(IQR)年龄为 30(24-37)小时。中位(范围)以 20(10-20)ml/kg/天的速度推进喂养,其中 22 名婴儿(45%)在中位(IQR)年龄 79(40-120)小时时至少发生 1 次喂养不耐受,需要禁食 48(18-96)小时。中位(IQR)年龄九天(8-12)达到全肠内喂养。仅 3 例新生儿(6%)根据 Bell 分期达到 NEC 2 期或以上。REDF 新生儿喂养不耐受很常见,尽管 NEC 的风险并不高。关于这个主题已经知道了什么?产前 AREDF 的新生儿有喂养不耐受和坏死性小肠结肠炎的风险增加。在没有增加坏死性小肠结肠炎风险的情况下,对 AREDF 新生儿进行早期肠内喂养,并进行适当监测是安全的。进展为 REDF 的 AEDF 与发病率增加有关。这项研究增加了什么?如果没有腹部症状和体征,REDF 中可在 24 小时内尽早开始肠内喂养。REDF 病例中喂养不耐受发生率较高。NEC 的风险并不高于 AEDF 病例。