Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Mol Genet Metab. 2019 Nov;128(3):352-357. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.10.008. Epub 2018 Oct 26.
The acute hepatic porphyrias (AHPs) are inborn errors of heme biosynthesis, which include three autosomal dominant porphyrias, Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP), Hereditary Coproporphyria (HCP), and Variegate Porphyria (VP), and the ultra-rare autosomal recessive porphyria, δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Deficiency Porphyria (ADP). AIP, HCP, VP, and ADP each results from loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in their disease-causing genes: hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS); coproporphyrinogen oxidase (CPOX); protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPOX), and δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), respectively. During the 11-year period from January 1, 2007 through December 31, 2017, the Mount Sinai Porphyrias Diagnostic Laboratory diagnosed 315 unrelated AIP individuals with HMBS mutations, including 46 previously unreported mutations, 29 unrelated HCP individuals with CPOX mutations, including 11 previously unreported mutations, and 54 unrelated VP individuals with PPOX mutations, including 20 previously unreported mutations. Overall, of the 1692 unrelated individuals referred for AHP molecular diagnostic testing, 398 (23.5%) had an AHP mutation. Of the 650 family members of mutation-positive individuals tested for an autosomal dominant AHP, 304 (46.8%) had their respective family mutation. These data expand the molecular genetic heterogeneity of the AHPs and document the usefulness of molecular testing to confirm the positive biochemical findings in symptomatic patients and identify at-risk asymptomatic family members.
急性肝性卟啉症(AHPs)是血红素生物合成的先天性错误,包括三种常染色体显性卟啉症,急性间歇性卟啉症(AIP)、遗传性粪卟啉症(HCP)和变异性卟啉症(VP),以及超罕见的常染色体隐性卟啉症,δ-氨基酮戊酸脱水酶缺乏卟啉症(ADP)。AIP、HCP、VP 和 ADP 分别由其致病基因中的功能丧失(LOF)突变引起:羟甲基胆素合酶(HMBS);粪卟啉原氧化酶(CPOX);原卟啉原氧化酶(PPOX)和 δ-氨基酮戊酸脱水酶(ALAD)。在 2007 年 1 月 1 日至 2017 年 12 月 31 日的 11 年期间,西奈山卟啉症诊断实验室诊断了 315 名与 HMBS 突变无关的 AIP 个体,包括 46 种以前未报道的突变,29 名与 CPOX 突变无关的 HCP 个体,包括 11 种以前未报道的突变,以及 54 名与 PPOX 突变无关的 VP 个体,包括 20 种以前未报道的突变。总的来说,在 1692 名接受 AHP 分子诊断检测的无关个体中,398 名(23.5%)有 AHP 突变。在对突变阳性个体的 650 名家族成员进行常染色体显性 AHP 检测中,有 304 名(46.8%)具有各自的家族突变。这些数据扩展了 AHPs 的分子遗传异质性,并证明了分子检测的有用性,以确认有症状患者的阳性生化发现,并识别有风险的无症状家族成员。