a Department of Human Movement Science and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sports Science , Friedrich Schiller University , Seidelstraße 20, D-07749 Jena , Germany.
b Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine , Institute of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg , Turmweg 2, D-20148 Hamburg , Germany.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2019 Jun;19(5):621-627. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1543455. Epub 2018 Nov 13.
Biological maturation is associated with physiological changes which in turn affect motor performance. No study has assessed the association between growing up habitually shod versus habitually barefoot and motor performance in the context of maturation, so this approach is unique. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of biological maturity on motor performance dependent on the participants' footwear habits. Sixty-five German habitually shod (mean age 13.28 ± 0.83 years) and fifty-five South African habitually barefoot (mean age 13.38 ± 0.87 years) participants were included. Dynamic postural control was determined via backward balancing, explosive strength by standing long jump and sprinting performance based on a 20-m sprinting test. All tests were performed barefoot and shod. Biological maturation was calculated by using the maturity offset value. Linear mixed models were used to analyse interactions between the maturity offset value, footwear habits and motor performance. Throughout maturation, there was a significant difference between habitually barefoot and habitually shod balance performance (P = 0.001). Maturation led to balance improvements in habitually barefoot adolescents, but not in habitually shod adolescents. No such differences could be observed for standing long jump and 20-m sprint performance. Maturity offset was a significant predictor for jumping and sprinting performances (P < 0.001), independent of being habitually barefoot or habitually shod. Better performances could be observed in more mature subjects. Biological maturation seems to be a relevant predictor for motor performance characteristics for the jumping and sprinting performance in adolescents.
生物成熟与生理变化有关，而这些变化又会影响运动表现。目前还没有研究评估习惯性穿鞋与赤脚成长与成熟背景下的运动表现之间的关系，因此这种方法是独特的。本研究的目的是检查生物成熟度对运动表现的影响，这种影响取决于参与者的穿鞋习惯。65 名德国习惯性穿鞋（平均年龄 13.28 ± 0.83 岁）和 55 名南非习惯性赤脚（平均年龄 13.38 ± 0.87 岁）参与者被纳入研究。通过向后平衡来确定动态姿势控制，通过站立跳远来确定爆发力，通过 20 米短跑测试来确定短跑性能。所有测试均赤脚和穿鞋进行。通过成熟度偏移值来计算生物成熟度。线性混合模型用于分析成熟度偏移值、鞋类习惯和运动表现之间的相互作用。在整个成熟过程中，习惯性赤脚和习惯性穿鞋的平衡表现存在显著差异（P=0.001）。成熟导致习惯性赤脚青少年的平衡能力提高，但对习惯性穿鞋青少年没有影响。在站立跳远和 20 米短跑表现方面则没有观察到这种差异。成熟度偏移是跳跃和短跑表现的一个重要预测指标（P<0.001），与习惯性赤脚或习惯性穿鞋无关。在更成熟的受试者中可以观察到更好的表现。生物成熟度似乎是青少年跳跃和短跑表现的运动表现特征的一个重要预测指标。
