Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Nov 13;67(suppl_2):S128-S134. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy657.
The bacterial resistance surveillance system is relatively well established at the national, provincial, and hospital levels in China. Two representative national surveillance networks for bacterial resistance are the China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (CARSS) and the China Antimicrobial Surveillance Network (CHINET), both established in 2005. CARSS data show the different bacterial resistance rates among different provinces and autonomous regions for each specific bacterium. CHINET data mainly represent the bacterial resistance profiles of teaching hospitals and show the changing trends of bacterial resistance in China. For clinical isolates, the ratio of gram-negative bacilli to gram-positive cocci is approximately 7 to 3. In general, gram-negative bacilli have higher antimicrobial resistance profiles in China. Regarding different bacterial species, antimicrobial resistance is multifaceted. The prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases is high; Acinetobacter baumannii has a high antimicrobial resistance profile; and, notably, the prevalence of CRKP has been showing a marked increase since 2005. In addition, the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus is low, and the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed decreasing trends from 2005 to 2017.
中国的细菌耐药监测体系在国家、省和医院层面已经相对完善。两个有代表性的全国细菌耐药监测网络是中国抗菌药物监测系统（CARSS）和中国细菌耐药监测网（CHINET），均成立于 2005 年。CARSS 数据显示了不同省份和自治区针对特定细菌的不同细菌耐药率。CHINET 数据主要代表教学医院的细菌耐药情况，并显示了中国细菌耐药性的变化趋势。对于临床分离株，革兰氏阴性杆菌与革兰氏阳性球菌的比例约为 7:3。总的来说，中国革兰氏阴性杆菌的抗菌药物耐药性更为普遍。对于不同的细菌种类，抗菌药物耐药性是多方面的。超广谱β-内酰胺酶的流行率较高；鲍曼不动杆菌的抗菌药物耐药性很高；值得注意的是，自 2005 年以来，耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科细菌（CRKP）的流行率呈显著上升趋势。此外，耐万古霉素肠球菌的流行率较低，耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）和铜绿假单胞菌的抗菌药物耐药性从 2005 年到 2017 年呈下降趋势。
