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蒸腾作用对低流量影响中尺度的分离：水文露天实验室的空间分析

Separation of Scales in Transpiration Effects on Low Flows: A Spatial Analysis in the Hydrological Open Air Laboratory.

作者信息

Széles B, Broer M, Parajka J, Hogan P, Eder A, Strauss P, Blöschl G

机构信息

Centre for Water Resource Systems Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria.

Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria.

出版信息

Water Resour Res. 2018 Sep;54(9):6168-6188. doi: 10.1029/2017WR022037. Epub 2018 Sep 10.

DOI:10.1029/2017WR022037
PMID:30449909
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6221015/
Abstract

The objective of this study was to understand whether spatial differences in runoff generation mechanisms affect the magnitudes of diurnal streamflow fluctuations during low flow periods and which part of the catchment induces the diurnal streamflow signal. The spatiotemporal variability of the streamflow fluctuations observed at 12 locations in the 66-ha Hydrological Open Air Laboratory experimental catchment in Austria was explained by differences in the vegetation cover and runoff generation mechanisms. Almost a quarter of the volume associated with diurnal streamflow fluctuations at the catchment outlet was explained by transpiration from vegetation along the tributaries; more than three quarters was due to transpiration by the riparian forest along the main stream. The lag times between radiative forcing and evapotranspiration estimated by a solar radiation-driven model increased from 3 to 11 hr from spring to autumn. The recession time scales increased from 21 days in spring to 54 days in autumn. Observations and model simulations suggest that a separation of scales in transpiration effects on low flows exists both in time and space; that is, the diurnal streamflow fluctuations are induced by transpiration from the riparian vegetation, while most of the catchment evapotranspiration, such as evapotranspiration from the crop fields further away from the stream, do not influence the diurnal signal in streamflow.

摘要

本研究的目的是了解径流产生机制的空间差异是否会影响枯水期日径流波动的幅度，以及流域的哪一部分会引发日径流信号。奥地利66公顷水文露天实验室实验流域内12个地点观测到的径流波动的时空变异性，可通过植被覆盖和径流产生机制的差异来解释。流域出口处与日径流波动相关的水量中，近四分之一可由支流沿线植被的蒸腾作用来解释；超过四分之三则归因于干流沿线河岸森林的蒸腾作用。由太阳辐射驱动模型估算的辐射强迫与蒸散之间的滞后时间从春季的3小时增加到秋季的11小时。消退时间尺度从春季的21天增加到秋季的54天。观测和模型模拟表明，蒸腾作用对枯水期的影响在时间和空间上都存在尺度分离；也就是说，日径流波动是由河岸植被的蒸腾作用引起的，而流域的大部分蒸散，如远离溪流的农田的蒸散，并不会影响径流的日信号。

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