Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
Umeå Centre for Gender Studies, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
BMC Med Educ. 2018 Nov 19;18(1):268. doi: 10.1186/s12909-018-1361-5.
The literature investigating female and male medical students' differing career intentions is extensive. However, medical school experiences and their implications for professional identity formation and specialty choice have attracted less attention. In this study we explore the impact of medical school experiences on students' specialty preferences, investigate gender similarities and differences, and discuss how both might be related to gender segregation in specialty preference.
In a questionnaire, 250 Swedish final-year medical students described experiences that made them interested and uninterested in a specialty. Utilizing a sequential mixed methods design, their responses were analyzed qualitatively to create categories that were compared quantitatively.
Similar proportions of women and men became interested in a specialty based on its knowledge area, patient characteristics, and potential for work-life balance. These aspects, however, often became secondary to whether they felt included or excluded in clinical settings. More women than men had been deterred by specialties with excluding, hostile, or sexist workplace climates (W = 44%, M = 16%). In contrast, more men had been discouraged by specialties' knowledge areas (W = 27%, M = 47%).
Male and female undergraduates have similar incentives and concerns regarding their career. However, the prevalence of hostility and sexism in the learning environment discourages especially women from some specialties. To reduce gender segregation in specialty choice, energy should be directed towards counteracting hostile workplace climates that explain apparent stereotypical assumptions about career preferences of men and women.
关于女性和男性医学生不同职业意向的文献研究已经很多。然而，医学学校的经历及其对专业身份形成和专业选择的影响却较少受到关注。在这项研究中，我们探讨了医学学校经历对学生专业偏好的影响，调查了性别差异，讨论了这两者如何与专业偏好的性别隔离有关。
在一份问卷中，250 名瑞典医学专业最后一年的学生描述了让他们对某一专业感兴趣和不感兴趣的经历。我们采用顺序混合方法设计，对他们的回答进行了定性分析，创建了类别，然后进行了定量比较。
女性和男性对专业感兴趣的原因相似，主要是因为该专业的知识领域、患者特征以及工作与生活平衡的潜力。然而，这些方面往往不如他们在临床环境中是否感到被包容或排斥重要。与男性相比，更多的女性因为专业的工作环境中存在排斥、敌对或性别歧视而受到阻碍（W=44%，M=16%）。相比之下，更多的男性因为专业的知识领域而受到阻碍（W=27%，M=47%）。
男女本科生在职业方面有相似的激励因素和关注点。然而，学习环境中的敌意和性别歧视的普遍存在，尤其阻碍了女性选择某些专业。为了减少专业选择中的性别隔离，应该努力消除解释男性和女性职业偏好的明显刻板印象的敌对工作环境。
