Division of Cariology and Endodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Division of Cariology and Endodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
J Prosthodont Res. 2019 Apr;63(2):131-139. doi: 10.1016/j.jpor.2018.10.005. Epub 2018 Nov 17.
Bio-inspiration is an approach in engineering aimed at optimizing artificial systems by borrowing biological concepts from nature. This review sets out to summarize the fundamental aspects employed by nature to avoid premature dental failures. On the basis of these findings, it then defines and evaluates rules for 'post-modern' manufacturing processes to imitate or regenerate complex biological systems.
A thorough literature search was conducted using PubMed, the Cochrane Library database and Google Scholar. Peer-reviewed articles and other scientific literature provided up-to-date information addressing two topics: (a) how natural dental tissues combine to create a structure as tough, strong and highly resistant to fatigue failure as tooth, and (b) how 'bio-inspiration' can be applied to the manufacture of dental restorations, taking into consideration the limitations of techniques currently used in dentistry.
Bio-inspired concepts have already been successfully applied in a range of engineering fields to enhance the toughness and strength of artificial materials. The area of technology with greatest potential to unlock the development of these new approaches is additive manufacturing. Consequently, these technologies and concepts could be applied to dentistry to improve the mechanical properties of dental restorations. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies also offer a new and promising prospect of regenerating dental tissues.
Considering the limitations to both conventional and subtractive computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) methods, further research should focus on new, additive 3D-printing techniques. This may open new research paths in dentistry that will enhance the clinical performance of artificial dental materials.
仿生学是一种工程学方法，旨在通过借鉴自然界中的生物概念来优化人工系统。本综述旨在总结自然界用来避免牙齿早期失效的基本原理。在此基础上，定义并评估了“后现代”制造工艺的规则，以模仿或再生复杂的生物系统。
使用 PubMed、Cochrane 图书馆数据库和 Google Scholar 进行了全面的文献检索。同行评议的文章和其他科学文献提供了最新的信息，涉及两个主题：（a）天然牙组织如何结合在一起，形成一种具有韧性、强度和抗疲劳失效能力的结构，与牙齿一样；（b）如何将“仿生学”应用于牙科修复体的制造，同时考虑到目前在牙科中使用的技术的局限性。
仿生学概念已经在一系列工程领域成功应用，以提高人工材料的韧性和强度。最有潜力释放这些新方法发展的技术领域是增材制造。因此，这些技术和概念可以应用于牙科，以提高牙科修复体的机械性能。三维（3D）打印技术也为再生牙科组织提供了一个新的、有前途的前景。
考虑到传统和减法计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制造（CAD/CAM）方法的局限性，应进一步研究新的、附加的 3D 打印技术。这可能会为牙科开辟新的研究途径，从而提高人工牙科材料的临床性能。
