Department of Plant Diseases, Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Institute of Phytomedicine, Department of Phytopathology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
Plant Dis. 2019 Feb;103(2):249-258. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-03-18-0516-RE. Epub 2018 Nov 20.
Blackberry cane diseases with the symptoms of necrosis, canker, and wilting are caused by several fungi worldwide. Surveys conducted from 2013 to 2016 in Serbia revealed the occurrence of Gnomoniopsis idaeicola, the causal agent of cane canker and wilting, which was found to be distributed in almost half of the surveyed orchards, in three blackberry cultivars, and with disease incidence of up to 80%. Wide distribution and high disease incidence suggest that G. idaeicola has been present in Serbia for some time. Out of 427 samples, a total of 65 G. idaeicola isolates were obtained (isolation rate of 34.19%). Reference isolates, originating from different localities, were conventionally and molecularly identified and characterized. G. idaeicola was detected in single and mixed infections with fungi from genera Paraconiothyrium, Colletotrichum, Diaporthe, Botryosphaeria, Botrytis, Septoria, Neofusicoccum, and Discostroma, and no diagnostically specific symptoms could be related directly to the G. idaeicola infection. In orchards solely infected with G. idaeicola, blackberry plant mortality was up to 40%, and yield loses were estimated at 50%. G. idaeicola isolates included in this study demonstrated intraspecies diversity in morphological, biological, pathogenic, and molecular features, which indicates that population in Serbia may be of different origin. This is the first record of a massive outbreak of G. idaeicola infection, illustrating its capability of harmful influence on blackberry production. This study represents the initial step in studying G. idaeicola as a new blackberry pathogen in Serbia, aiming at developing efficient control measures.
黑莓茎枯病表现为坏死、溃疡和萎蔫等症状，由全球几种真菌引起。2013 年至 2016 年在塞尔维亚进行的调查显示，发生了由 Gnomoniopsis idaeicola 引起的黑莓溃疡和萎蔫病，该病原菌几乎分布在调查果园的一半，在三个黑莓品种中均有发生，发病率高达 80%。广泛的分布和高发病率表明，G. idaeicola 在塞尔维亚已经存在了一段时间。从 427 个样本中总共获得了 65 个 G. idaeicola 分离株（分离率为 34.19%）。参考分离株来自不同的地点，通过传统方法和分子方法进行了鉴定和特征描述。在与来自 Paraconiothyrium、Colletotrichum、Diaporthe、Botryosphaeria、Botrytis、Septoria、Neofusicoccum 和 Discostroma 属真菌的单重和混合感染中检测到 G. idaeicola，并且不能将任何诊断特异性症状直接与 G. idaeicola 感染相关联。在仅感染 G. idaeicola 的果园中，黑莓植物死亡率高达 40%，产量损失估计为 50%。本研究中包含的 G. idaeicola 分离株在形态学、生物学、致病性和分子特征方面表现出种内多样性，这表明塞尔维亚的种群可能具有不同的起源。这是 G. idaeicola 感染大规模爆发的首次记录，表明其对黑莓生产具有有害影响的能力。本研究代表了在塞尔维亚研究 G. idaeicola 作为新的黑莓病原体的初始步骤，旨在开发有效的控制措施。
