Efimov V N, Safonov V A
Nauchnye Doki Vyss Shkoly Biol Nauki. 1988(5):5-19.
The authors consider the respiratory centre to be the regulator of the respiratory system and to consist of 3 main functional blocks: chemoregulator, respiratory rhythm autogenerator and mechanoregulator, functions of which are provided by the neurons of medulla oblongata. The main aim of chemoregulator block is to maintain the level of ventilation volume speed, which is necessary to compensate the difference between the signals of setting and the firing from the chemoreceptors. The main aim of mechanoregulator block is to provide the functioning of the regulation loop of the respiratory muscles comparing the signals which come from the respiratory autogenerator, and the firing of the mechanoreceptors. The generator unit of the respiratory centre is a set of rhythm-forming associations, the system of 4 neurons (early and late inspiratory and expiratory) are typical among them. The neurons are connected by recurrent inhibitory bonds: the neuron of each rhythm-forming group, successively becoming excited, inhibits the two preceding neurons in the cycle; for all this the neuron of the successive group is released from inhibition and in such a way the rhythmogenesis occurs. The respiratory centre forms a common unit for chemo- and mechanoreceptor loops, through which the circuits of feedback for both loops are connected, providing the regulation of breathing.
作者认为呼吸中枢是呼吸系统的调节器，由3个主要功能模块组成：化学感受器调节器、呼吸节律自动发生器和机械感受器调节器，其功能由延髓神经元提供。化学感受器调节器模块的主要目的是维持通气量速度水平，这对于补偿设定信号与化学感受器放电之间的差异是必要的。机械感受器调节器模块的主要目的是通过比较来自呼吸自动发生器的信号和机械感受器的放电，来保证呼吸肌调节回路的正常运作。呼吸中枢的发生器单元是一组节律形成联合体，其中典型的是由4个神经元组成的系统（早期和晚期吸气神经元以及呼气神经元）。这些神经元通过递归抑制连接：每个节律形成组的神经元依次兴奋，抑制循环中前两个神经元；与此同时，后续组的神经元从抑制中释放，从而发生节律生成。呼吸中枢形成了一个化学感受器和机械感受器回路的共同单元，通过这个单元连接两个回路的反馈电路，实现呼吸调节。
