College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
Brain Res Bull. 2019 Mar;146:12-21. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.11.017. Epub 2018 Nov 26.
Fractalkine (CX3C chemokine ligand 1, CX3CL1) is an essential chemokine, for regulating adhesion and chemotaxis through binding to CX3CR1, which plays a critical role in the crosstalk between glial cells and neurons by direct or indirect ways in the central nervous system (CNS). Fractalkine/CX3CR1 axis regulates microglial activation and function, neuronal survival and synaptic function by controlling the release of inflammatory cytokines and synaptic plasticity in the course of the neurological disease. The multiple functions of fractalkine/CX3CR1 make it exert neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects, which determines the pathogenesis. However, the role of fractalkine/CX3CR1 in the CNS remains controversial. Whether it can be used as a therapeutic target for neurological diseases needs to be further investigated. In this review, we summarize the studies highlighting fractalkine/CX3CR1-mediated effects and discuss the potential neurotoxic and neuroprotective actions of fractalkine/CX3CR1 in brain injury for providing useful insights into the potential applications of fractalkine/CX3CR1 in neurological diseases.
fractalkine（趋化因子 CX3C 配体 1，CX3CL1）是一种重要的趋化因子，通过与 CX3CR1 结合来调节细胞黏附和趋化作用，在中枢神经系统（CNS）中通过直接或间接的方式在神经胶质细胞和神经元之间的串扰中发挥关键作用。 fractalkine/CX3CR1 轴通过控制炎症细胞因子的释放和突触可塑性，调节小胶质细胞的激活和功能、神经元的存活和突触功能，在神经疾病的发生发展过程中发挥作用。 fractalkine/CX3CR1 的多种功能使其发挥神经保护或神经毒性作用，这决定了其发病机制。然而， fractalkine/CX3CR1 在中枢神经系统中的作用仍存在争议。 fractalkine/CX3CR1 是否可以作为神经疾病的治疗靶点，需要进一步研究。本综述总结了 fractalkine/CX3CR1 介导的作用的研究，并讨论了 fractalkine/CX3CR1 在脑损伤中的潜在神经毒性和神经保护作用，为 fractalkine/CX3CR1 在神经疾病中的潜在应用提供了有价值的见解。
