School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2018 Dec;137:157-171. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.001. Epub 2018 Oct 12.
Single-use plastics, or SUPs (plastic bags, microbeads, cutlery, straws and polystyrene) are substantial sources of plastic marine pollution, yet preventable via legislative and non-legislative interventions. Various international legislative strategies have been reported to address plastic marine pollution from plastic bags and microbeads, but these have since been accompanied by recent increasing public awareness triggered by international agencies and organizations. The Sixth International Marine Debris Conference highlighted increasing intervention strategies to mitigate SUP pollution. This study presents new multi-jurisdictional legislative interventions to reduce SUPs since 2017 and incorporates emergence of new non-legislative interventions to mitigate other types of SUPs at individual and private-sector levels that complement or influence legislative interventions. Further, effectiveness of SUP bag interventions (e.g., bans vs. levies) to help reduce SUP marine pollution are presented and range between 33 and 96% reduction in bag use.
一次性塑料,或 SUPs(塑料袋、微珠、餐具、吸管和聚苯乙烯)是海洋塑料污染的主要来源,但可以通过立法和非立法干预来预防。据报道,各种国际立法策略已被用于解决塑料袋和微珠造成的海洋塑料污染问题,但最近国际机构和组织提高了公众意识,这一情况也随之出现。第六届国际海洋垃圾会议强调了越来越多的干预策略,以减轻 SUP 污染。本研究介绍了自 2017 年以来新的多司法管辖区立法干预措施,以减少 SUPs,并纳入了新的非立法干预措施,以减轻个人和私营部门其他类型 SUPs 的影响,这些措施补充或影响立法干预措施。此外,还介绍了 SUP 袋干预措施(例如,禁令与征税)的有效性,以帮助减少 SUP 海洋污染,其使用量减少了 33%至 96%不等。