Pacheco F A L, Martins L M O, Quininha M, Oliveira A S, Sanches Fernandes L F
Department of Geology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Ap. 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Chemistry Research Centre, Vila Real, Portugal.
MethodsX. 2018 Nov 7;5:1447-1455. doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2018.11.002. eCollection 2018.
Computer models dedicated to the validation of groundwater contamination risk in the rural environment, namely the risk of contamination by nitrate leachates from agriculture fertilizers, are frequently based on direct comparison of risky areas (e.g., cropland, pastures used for livestock production) and spatial distributions of contaminant (nitrate) plumes. These methods are fated to fail where lateral flows dominate in the landscape (mountainous catchments) displacing the nitrate plumes downhill and from the risky spots. In these cases, there is no connection between the spatial location of risky areas and nitrate plumes, unless the two locations can be linked by a contaminant transport model. The main purpose of this paper is therefore to introduce a method whereby spatio-temporal links can be demonstrated between risky areas (contaminant sources), actual nitrate plumes (contaminant sinks) and modeled nitrate distributions at specific groundwater travel times, thereby validating the risk assessment. The method assembles a couple of well known algorithms, namely the DRASTIC model [1,2] and the Processing Modflow software (https://www.simcore.com), but their combination as risk validation method is original and proved efficient in its initial application, the companion paper of Pacheco et al. [3].
用于验证农村环境中地下水污染风险（即农业肥料硝酸盐渗滤液造成污染的风险）的计算机模型，通常基于对风险区域（如农田、用于畜牧生产的牧场）与污染物（硝酸盐）羽流空间分布的直接比较。在侧向水流主导地貌（山区集水区），使硝酸盐羽流向下坡方向并从风险点位移的情况下，这些方法注定会失败。在这些情况下，除非通过污染物传输模型将两个位置联系起来，否则风险区域的空间位置与硝酸盐羽流之间没有关联。因此，本文的主要目的是介绍一种方法，通过该方法可以证明风险区域（污染物源）、实际硝酸盐羽流（污染物汇）与特定地下水流动时间下模拟的硝酸盐分布之间的时空联系，从而验证风险评估。该方法整合了一些知名算法，即DRASTIC模型[1,2]和Processing Modflow软件（https://www.simcore.com），但其作为风险验证方法的组合是原创的，并且在其初步应用中被证明是有效的，即Pacheco等人的配套论文[3]。
