ETH Zurich: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sustainable Food Processing Laboratory, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Sandec: Department Sanitation, Water and Solid Water for Development, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Texas A&M University, Department of Entomology, 370 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Waste Manag. 2018 Dec;82:302-318. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.10.022. Epub 2018 Nov 8.
Processing of biowaste with larvae of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), is an emerging waste treatment technology. Larvae grown on biowaste can be a relevant raw material for animal feed production and can therefore provide revenues for financially viable waste management systems. In addition, when produced on biowaste, insect-based feeds can be more sustainable than conventional feeds. Among others, the scalability of the technology will depend on the availability of large amounts of biowaste with a high process performance (e.g. bioconversion of organic matter to proteins and lipids) and microbial and chemical product safety. Currently, in contrast to other waste treatment technologies, such as composting or anaerobic digestion, the process performance is variable and the processes driving the decomposition of biowaste macronutrients, inactivation of microbes and fate of chemicals is poorly understood. This review presents the first summary of the most important processes involved in black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) treatment, based on the available knowledge concerning five well-studied fly species. This is a starting point to increase understanding regarding the processes of this technology, with the potential to increase its efficiency and uptake, and support the development of appropriate regulations. Based on this review, formulating different types of biowaste, e.g. to produce a diet with a similar protein content, a balanced amino acid profile and/or pre- and co-treatment of biowaste with beneficial microbes, has the potential to increase process performance. Following harvest, larvae require heat or other treatments for microbial inactivation and safety.
利用黑蝇幼虫（Hermetia illucens L.）（双翅目：Stratiomyidae）处理生物废物是一种新兴的废物处理技术。在生物废物上生长的幼虫可以成为动物饲料生产的相关原料，因此可以为经济可行的废物管理系统提供收入。此外，当昆虫饲料在生物废物上生产时，可能比传统饲料更具可持续性。除其他外，该技术的可扩展性将取决于大量生物废物的可用性，这些生物废物具有较高的工艺性能（例如，有机物向蛋白质和脂质的生物转化）以及微生物和化学产品的安全性。目前，与其他废物处理技术（例如堆肥或厌氧消化）相比，该工艺性能是可变的，并且负责分解生物废物宏量营养素、微生物失活和化学物质命运的过程尚不清楚。
本综述基于对五种研究充分的蝇种的相关知识，首次总结了黑蝇幼虫（BSFL）处理中涉及的最重要的过程。这是增加对该技术过程的理解的起点，有可能提高其效率和利用率，并支持制定适当的法规。基于该综述，配制不同类型的生物废物（例如，生产具有相似蛋白质含量、平衡的氨基酸谱和/或生物废物的预处理和共处理的饮食）有可能提高工艺性能。收获后，幼虫需要进行热或其他处理以进行微生物失活和安全处理。
