癌基因在化学致癌作用中的作用：从啮齿动物推断至人类。

Role of oncogenes in chemical carcinogenesis: extrapolation from rodents to humans.

作者信息

Anderson M W, Maronpot R R, Reynolds S H

机构信息

Laboratory of Biochemical Risk Analysis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.

出版信息

IARC Sci Publ. 1988(89):477-85.

PMID:3058603

Abstract

Proto-oncogenes are cellular genes that are expressed during normal growth and development processes. These genes can be activated to cancer-causing oncogenes by point mutations or by gross DNA rearrangement, such as chromosomal translocation or gene amplification. Activated versions of proto-oncogenes have been observed in various human and rodent tumours. Examples will be discussed, as will the activation of proto-oncogenes by chemical carcinogens. Most chemicals are classified as potentially hazardous to humans on the basis of long-term carcinogenesis studies in rodents. Oncogene analysis of tumours of spontaneous origin and from carcinogenesis studies may aid in risk analyses on the basis of rodent carcinogenesis studies.

摘要

原癌基因是在正常生长和发育过程中表达的细胞基因。这些基因可通过点突变或DNA大片段重排（如染色体易位或基因扩增）被激活成为致癌的癌基因。在各种人类和啮齿动物肿瘤中已观察到原癌基因的激活形式。将讨论相关例子以及化学致癌物对原癌基因的激活作用。基于对啮齿动物的长期致癌性研究，大多数化学物质被归类为对人类有潜在危害。对自发产生的肿瘤以及致癌性研究中的肿瘤进行癌基因分析，可能有助于基于啮齿动物致癌性研究进行风险分析。