一个多样化且灵活的教学工具包促进了人类积累文化的能力。
A Diverse and Flexible Teaching Toolkit Facilitates the Human Capacity for Cumulative Culture.
作者信息
Burdett Emily R R, Dean Lewis G, Ronfard Samuel
机构信息
1School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9JP UK.
2Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Boston, MA USA.
出版信息
Rev Philos Psychol. 2018;9(4):807-818. doi: 10.1007/s13164-017-0345-4. Epub 2017 Jun 1.
Human culture is uniquely complex compared to other species. This complexity stems from the accumulation of culture over time through high- and low-fidelity transmission and innovation. One possible reason for why humans retain and create culture, is our ability to modulate teaching strategies in order to foster learning and innovation. We argue that teaching is more diverse, flexible, and complex in humans than in other species. This particular characteristic of human teaching rather than teaching itself is one of the reasons for human's incredible capacity for cumulative culture. That is, humans unlike other species can signal to learners whether the information they are teaching can or cannot be modified. As a result teaching in humans can be used to support high or low fidelity transmission, innovation, and ultimately, cumulative culture.
与其他物种相比，人类文化具有独特的复杂性。这种复杂性源于文化随着时间的推移通过高保真和低保真传播以及创新的积累。人类保留和创造文化的一个可能原因是我们有能力调整教学策略以促进学习和创新。我们认为，人类的教学比其他物种更多样、更灵活、更复杂。人类教学的这一特殊特征而非教学本身，是人类拥有惊人的累积文化能力的原因之一。也就是说，与其他物种不同，人类可以向学习者表明他们所传授的信息是否可以修改。因此，人类的教学可用于支持高保真或低保真传播、创新以及最终的累积文化。
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