Banks M S, Bennett P J
School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
J Opt Soc Am A. 1988 Dec;5(12):2059-79. doi: 10.1364/josaa.5.002059.
We examine the contributions of preneural mechanisms, i.e., the optics of the eye and the aperture, spacing, and efficiency of foveal cones, to poor spatial and chromatic vision in human neonates. We do so by comparing the performances of ideal observers incorporating the characteristics of the optics and the foveal cones of adults and neonates. Our analyses show that many, but not all, of the differences between neonatal and adult contrast sensitivities and grating acuities can be explained by age-related changes in these factors. The analyses also predict differing growth curves for vernier and grating acuities. Finally, we demonstrate that preneural mechanisms constrain chromatic discrimination in human neonates and that discrimination failures may reflect poor visual efficiency rather than immature chromatic mechanisms per se.
我们研究了神经前机制的作用，即眼睛的光学结构以及中央凹视锥细胞的孔径、间距和效率，这些因素对人类新生儿空间视觉和色觉不佳的影响。我们通过比较纳入成年人和新生儿光学结构及中央凹视锥细胞特征的理想观察者的表现来进行研究。我们的分析表明，新生儿与成年人对比敏感度和光栅视敏度之间的许多（但并非全部）差异可以由这些因素中与年龄相关的变化来解释。这些分析还预测了游标视敏度和光栅视敏度不同的增长曲线。最后，我们证明神经前机制限制了人类新生儿的颜色辨别能力，辨别失败可能反映出视觉效率低下，而非颜色机制本身不成熟。
