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用于湖泊修复的新型磷吸附剂的生态毒性筛选。

Ecotoxicity screening of novel phosphorus adsorbents used for lake restoration.

机构信息

Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Spain; Instituto del Agua, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Spain.

Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.

出版信息

Chemosphere. 2019 May;222:469-478. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.103. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Abstract

Short-term standardized laboratory tests were carried out for evaluating acute and chronic toxicological effects of novel phosphorus (P) adsorbents on Raphidocelis subcapitata (algal growth rate inhibition) and on Daphnia magna (immobilization, with direct and indirect exposure to adsorbents, and uptake-depuration tests). Four P adsorbents were tested: two magnetic (HQ and FeO) and two non magnetic (CFH-12 and Phoslock). For the case of the algal growth inhibition test, the EC was 1.5 and 0.42 g L for HQ and CFH-12, respectively, and no inhibition patterns were observed neither for FeO nor for Phoslock. When organisms were exposed to a direct contact, in the D. magna immobilization test, no statistically significant differences were found in the EC values among the four studied adsorbents. The huge difference between direct and indirect contact experiments suggests that toxicity is mainly physically mediated. The uptake-depuration test evidenced a much faster uptake and depuration rates for Phoslock, which was precisely the adsorbent with the highest particle size. In a realistic worst-case scenario using data from Honda lake (Almería, Spain), where lake restoration is carried out by a adding a single large dose to bind surplus P in the lake, the predicted environmental concentrations for all adsorbents were lower than EC for all adsorbents and they were found to exceed a provisional limit value for ecotoxicity after a short-term exposure. All in all, since neither accumulation nor longer term effects of P adsorbents in the pelagic phase is expected, this risk may however, on a case-to-case basis, be acceptable.

摘要

进行了短期标准化实验室测试,以评估新型磷吸附剂对斜生栅藻(藻类生长率抑制)和大型蚤(直接和间接暴露于吸附剂以及摄取-净化测试的固定化)的急性和慢性毒理学影响。测试了四种 P 吸附剂:两种磁性(HQ 和 FeO)和两种非磁性(CFH-12 和 Phoslock)。对于藻类生长抑制测试,HQ 和 CFH-12 的 EC 分别为 1.5 和 0.42 g/L,而 FeO 和 Phoslock 均未观察到抑制模式。当生物体直接接触时,在大型蚤固定化测试中,四种研究吸附剂的 EC 值之间没有统计学上的显著差异。直接接触和间接接触实验之间的巨大差异表明,毒性主要是物理介导的。摄取-净化测试表明,Phoslock 的摄取和净化速率要快得多,而 Phoslock 正是粒径最大的吸附剂。在使用西班牙阿尔梅里亚本田湖(Honda Lake)的数据进行的现实最不利情况下的情景模拟中,通过添加单一大量剂量来结合湖中多余的 P 进行湖泊修复,所有吸附剂的预测环境浓度均低于所有吸附剂的 EC,并且在短期暴露后发现它们超过了暂定的生态毒性限值。总的来说,由于在浮游阶段预计不会积累或产生更长时间的 P 吸附剂影响,因此这种风险可能需要根据具体情况进行评估。

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