Wan Anmin, Chen Xianming
Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6430.
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Wheat Genetics, Quality, Physiology, and Disease Research Unit and Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman.
Plant Dis. 2012 Jan;96(1):67-74. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-02-11-0119.
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and P. striiformis f. sp. hordei, the causal agents of stripe rust on wheat and barley, respectively, can change rapidly in virulence, and such changes may overcome resistance in cultivars and result in severe epidemics. To monitor virulence changes in the pathogen populations, isolates obtained from stripe rust samples collected by the authors and collaborators from 17 U.S. states in 2008 and 13 states in 2009 were tested on 20 wheat and 12 barley differential lines to identify races of P. striiformis f. tritici and P. striiformis f. sp. hordei, respectively. In 2008, 33 P. striiformis f. tritici (PST) races were detected, including a new race, PST-138, which was similar to previously identified PST-127 (virulent on wheat differentials 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20) but not virulent on differential 8. The five most frequent races were PST-114 (virulent on differentials 1, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20), PST-100 (virulent on differentials 1, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20), PST-116 (similar to PST-114 plus virulent on differential 5), PST-101 (similar to PST-100 plus virulent on differential 2), and PST-98 (similar to PST-100 but not virulent on differential 9). In 2009, 26 P. striiformis f. tritici races were identified, including two new races, PST-139 and PST-140. PST-139 was similar to PST-127 but not virulent on differentials 16 and 20. PST-140 was similar to PST-114 but not virulent on differential 9. The five most frequent races were PST-139 (19%), PST-140 (14%), PST-114 (11%), PST-116 (10%), and PST-127 (9%). However, the most widely distributed races were PST-98 (in 10 of the 14 states) and PST-102 (in 7 of the 14 states). Differential genotype AvSYr5NIL (Yr5) was the only one among the 20 differentials that remained resistant to all of the identified races. Virulence diversity of the P. striiformis f. tritici populations was higher west of the Rocky Mountains. For barley stripe rust, P. striiformis f. sp. hordei (PSH)-33 (virulent on barley differentials 1 and 7) was the most common (46%) of the 11 races detected in 2008, including a new race, PSH-82 (virulent only on barley differentials 1 and 11). In 2009, six previously identified races were detected, of which five (PSH-16, PSH-38, PSH-46, PSH-54, and PSH-71) were detected in Washington and two (PSH-54 and PSH-70) in Oregon. The information on P. striiformis f. sp. tritici and P. striiformis f. sp. hordei races should be useful in selecting genes for developing cultivars with effective stripe rust resistance.
条形柄锈菌小麦专化型（Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici）和条形柄锈菌大麦专化型（P. striiformis f. sp. hordei）分别是小麦和大麦条锈病的病原菌，其毒性可迅速变化，这种变化可能会克服品种的抗性，导致严重的病害流行。为监测病原菌群体的毒性变化，对作者及其合作者于2008年从美国17个州以及2009年从13个州采集的条锈病样本中分离得到的菌株，在20个小麦鉴别品种系和12个大麦鉴别品种系上进行测试，以分别鉴定条形柄锈菌小麦专化型和条形柄锈菌大麦专化型的生理小种。2008年，检测到33个条形柄锈菌小麦专化型（PST）生理小种，包括一个新的生理小种PST - 138，它与先前鉴定的PST - 127相似（对小麦鉴别品种1、2、3、4、6、8、9、10、11、12、13、15、16、17、18、19和20有毒性），但对鉴别品种8无毒。五个最常见的生理小种是PST - 114（对鉴别品种1、3、4、8、9、10、11、12、14、16、17、18、19和20有毒性）、PST - 100（对鉴别品种1、3、8、9、10、11、12、16、17、18、19和20有毒性）、PST - 116（与PST - 114相似且对鉴别品种5有毒性）、PST - 101（与PST - 100相似且对鉴别品种2有毒性）和PST - 98（与PST - 100相似但对鉴别品种9无毒）。2009年，鉴定出26个条形柄锈菌小麦专化型生理小种，包括两个新的生理小种PST - 139和PST - 140。PST - 139与PST - 127相似，但对鉴别品种16和20无毒。PST - 140与PST - 114相似，但对鉴别品种9无毒。五个最常见的生理小种是PST - （19%）、PST - 140（14%）、PST - 114（11%）、PST - 116（10%）和PST - 127（9%）。然而，分布最广的生理小种是PST - 98（在14个州中的10个州出现）和PST - 102（在14个州中的7个州出现）。鉴别基因型AvSYr5NIL（Yr5）是20个鉴别品种中唯一对所有鉴定出的生理小种均保持抗性的品种。条形柄锈菌小麦专化型群体的毒性多样性在落基山脉以西更高。对于大麦条锈病来说，在2008年检测到的11个生理小种中条形柄锈菌大麦专化型（PSH） - 33（对大麦鉴别品种1和7有毒性）最为常见（46%），包括一个新的生理小种PSH - 82（仅对大麦鉴别品种1和11有毒性）。2009年，检测到6个先前鉴定的生理小种，其中5个（PSH - 16、PSH - 38、PSH - 这里可能有误，原文是PSH - 46，翻译为PSH - 46、PSH - 54和PSH - 71）在华盛顿被检测到，2个（PSH - 54和PSH - 70）在俄勒冈被检测到。条形柄锈菌小麦专化型和条形柄锈菌大麦专化型生理小种的信息对于选择基因以培育具有有效条锈病抗性的品种应是有用的。
