Quiñonez Barraza S, Mathiasen R
Comisión Nacional Forestal, Durango, Mexico.
Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff 86011.
Plant Dis. 2010 Mar;94(3):377. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-94-3-0377B.
Arceuthobium blumeri A. Nelson (Blumer's dwarf mistletoe, Viscaceae) is a parasite of Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenberg ex Schlechtendahl (Mexican white pine) and P. strobiformis Engelm. (southwestern white pine) in the Sierra Madre Occidental of northern Mexico (3). It is widely distributed in Chihuahua and Durango and is known from one location in Sonora (3,4). A. globosum Hawksworth & Wiens subsp. globosum (rounded dwarf mistletoe) parasitizes several pine species in the same areas of Mexico, but extends as far south as northern Jalisco (3). In July 2005, S. Quiñonez Barraza observed both of these dwarf mistletoes in Ejido San José del Barranco, Municipio de Badiraguato, Sinaloa, Mexico. A. blumeri was observed parasitizing P. ayacahuite at two locations: Paraje Faldeo Rancho del Oso (25°39'18″N, 107°01'27″W, elevation 2,600 m) and Paraje La Tableta (25°40'14″N, 107°01'33″W, elevation 2,520 m). The host at these two locations was identified by cone and needle morphology (1). Because the mistletoe plants were gray to straw in color and larger than 6 cm, they were clearly A. blumeri and not A. apachecum Hawksworth & Wiens, another dwarf mistletoe that parasitizes P. strobiformis in Arizona, New Mexico, and Coahuila, Mexico (3). A. globosum subsp. globosum was observed parasitizing P. durangensis Martínez at Paraje Puerto del Alacrán (25°39'52″N, 107°00'57″W, elevation 2,650 m). Infection of the pine hosts was severe at all three locations in Sinaloa and many trees were rated as class 5 and 6 by the 6-class dwarf mistletoe rating system (2). Large witches' brooms were formed on P. ayacahuite infected with A. blumeri, but no witches' brooms were formed on infected P. durangensis. Typically, A. globosum does not induce witches' brooms on infected pines (3). Specimens of A. blumeri and A. globosum subsp. globosum were collected and deposited at the Herbario CIIDIR, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Durango, Dgo., 34220 Mexico. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. blumeri and A. globosum subsp. globosum from Sinaloa, Mexico. References: (1) A. Farjon and B. T. Styles. Flora Neotrop. Monogr. 75. 1997. (2) F. G. Hawksworth. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-78, 1977. (3) F. G. Hawksworth and D. Wiens. USDA For. Serv. Agric. Handb. 709, 1996. (4) R. Mathiasen et al. Madroño 55:161, 2008.
布鲁默矮槲寄生（Arceuthobium blumeri A. Nelson，檀香科）寄生于墨西哥北部西马德雷山脉的阿亚卡维特松（Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenberg ex Schlechtendahl，墨西哥白松）和球果松（P. strobiformis Engelm.，西南白松）上（3）。它在奇瓦瓦州和杜兰戈州广泛分布，在索诺拉州的一个地点也有发现（3,4）。球形矮槲寄生（Arceuthobium globosum Hawksworth & Wiens subsp. globosum）在墨西哥的相同区域寄生于多种松树，但向南延伸至哈利斯科州北部（3）。2005年7月，S. 基尼奥内斯·巴拉扎在墨西哥锡那罗亚州巴迪拉瓜托市圣何塞德尔巴兰科村发现了这两种矮槲寄生。在两个地点观察到布鲁默矮槲寄生寄生于阿亚卡维特松：法尔德奥牧场德尔奥索（北纬25°39'18″，西经107°01'27″，海拔2600米）和拉塔布莱塔村（北纬25°40'14″，西经107°01'33″，海拔2520米）。这两个地点的寄主通过球果和针叶形态鉴定（1）。由于槲寄生植物颜色为灰色至稻草色且长度超过6厘米，它们显然是布鲁默矮槲寄生，而非阿帕奇矮槲寄生（Arceuthobium apachecum Hawksworth & Wiens），后者是寄生于亚利桑那州、新墨西哥州和墨西哥科阿韦拉州球果松上的另一种矮槲寄生（3）。在阿尔克拉án港村（北纬25°39'52″，西经107°00'57″，海拔2650米）观察到球形矮槲寄生寄生于杜兰戈松（P. durangensis Martínez）。在锡那罗亚州的所有三个地点，松树寄主的感染都很严重，许多树木根据6级矮槲寄生评级系统被评为5级和6级（2）。感染布鲁默矮槲寄生的阿亚卡维特松上形成了大型扫帚状丛枝，但感染杜兰戈松上未形成扫帚状丛枝。通常，球形矮槲寄生不会在受感染的松树上诱导形成扫帚状丛枝（3）。采集了布鲁默矮槲寄生和球形矮槲寄生的标本，并保存在墨西哥杜兰戈市国立理工学院CIIDIR植物标本馆，邮编34220。据我们所知，这是墨西哥锡那罗亚州关于布鲁默矮槲寄生和球形矮槲寄生的首次报告。参考文献：（1）A. 法琼和B. T. 斯泰尔斯。《新热带植物志专论》第75卷。1997年。（2）F. G. 霍克斯沃思。美国农业部林业局通用技术报告RM - 78，1977年。（3）F. G. 霍克斯沃思和D. 威恩斯。美国农业部林业局农业手册709，1996年。（4）R. 马蒂亚森等人。《马德罗诺》55:161，2008年。
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