Department of Entomology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research & Extension Center, Corpus Christi, TX.
Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
J Econ Entomol. 2019 May 22;112(3):1227-1236. doi: 10.1093/jee/toz018.
Whole-plant cage field experiments were conducted in 2014, 2015, and 2016 to characterize cotton injury from a species complex of boll-feeding sucking bugs represented by the verde plant bug, Creontiades signatus (Distant) (Hemiptera: Miridae), brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say), green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say), and redbanded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Field-collected adult bugs were used to infest cotton plants previously maintained free of insect injury. Plants caged in groups of four were infested at mid-bloom and late-bloom for 7 d with four insect densities: 0 (control), 0.25 bugs per plant, 1 bug per plant, and 2 bugs per plant. Species and water stress conditions varied across years, allowing selective within-year comparisons. Response to feeding resulted in boll injury in the form of lint deterioration and cotton boll rot at mid- and late-bloom stages, and in water limiting and non-water limiting conditions. Although plant injury was apparent across a wide range of conditions, subsequent yield decline attributed to insect feeding was seen primarily under water limiting conditions when plants were infested at mid-bloom. For these conditions, significant yield-insect density relationships were used to calculate economic injury levels (EILs) for each species. EILs expressed as bugs per plant from lowest to highest were the brown stink bug (0.29-0.31 bugs per plant), redbanded stink bug (0.33), verde plant bug (0.49), and green stink bug (0.50). Given the variability observed among species, species-specific EILs may be used where the injurious species is known and combined for stink bugs (a common EIL of 0.34 bugs per plant) where multiple species occur. Verde plant bug was less damaging and can be considered separately, but its EIL was generally within a range of values for the boll-feeders encountered.
2014 年、2015 年和 2016 年进行了全株笼式田间试验，以描述由棉铃食性吸食昆虫组成的物种复合体对棉花的伤害，这些昆虫包括绿斑盲蝽、Creontiades signatus（Distant）（半翅目：盲蝽科）、棕臭蝽、Euschistus servus（Say）、绿盲蝽、Acrosternum hilare（Say）和红带臭蝽、Piezodorus guildinii（Westwood）（半翅目：猎蝽科）。从田间采集的成年昆虫用于感染以前未受昆虫伤害的棉花植株。在盛花期和花后期，将每组 4 株的植物用 4 种昆虫密度（0（对照）、每株植物 0.25 只昆虫、每株植物 1 只昆虫和每株植物 2 只昆虫）感染 7 天。物种和水分胁迫条件在不同年份有所不同，允许进行选择性的年内比较。取食反应导致棉铃在盛花期和花后期出现纤维恶化和棉花棉铃腐烂，以及水分限制和非水分限制条件下出现棉铃损伤。尽管在广泛的条件下都出现了植物损伤，但在水分限制条件下，当植物在盛花期受到感染时，主要观察到昆虫取食导致的产量下降。对于这些条件，使用显著的产量-昆虫密度关系来计算每个物种的经济伤害水平（EIL）。按照从低到高的顺序，以每株植物的昆虫数量表示的 EIL 分别为棕臭蝽（0.29-0.31 只每株植物）、红带臭蝽（0.33）、绿斑盲蝽（0.49）和绿盲蝽（0.50）。鉴于观察到的物种间的变异性，在已知有害物种的情况下，可以使用特定物种的 EIL，并结合发生的多种物种的臭蝽（共同的 EIL 为每株植物 0.34 只昆虫）。绿斑盲蝽的危害性较小，可以单独考虑，但它的 EIL 通常在遇到的棉铃食性吸食昆虫的范围内。
