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菠菜土传病原菌有机管理的种子和灌根处理的温室评估

Greenhouse Evaluation of Seed and Drench Treatments for Organic Management of Soilborne Pathogens of Spinach.

作者信息

Cummings Jaime A, Miles Carol A, du Toit Lindsey J

机构信息

MS Graduate, Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University.

Associate Professor.

出版信息

Plant Dis. 2009 Dec;93(12):1281-1292. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-93-12-1281.

Abstract

The efficacy of 14 seed and drench treatments for control of soilborne damping-off pathogens in organic production of spinach was evaluated in a greenhouse study. The efficacy of each treatment was compared with nontreated seed and seed treated with a conventional fungicide for control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae, Pythium ultimum, and Rhizoctonia solani. Two experimental seed treatments, GTG I and GTG II (each comprised of a proprietary organic disinfectant and the latter also containing Trichoderma harzianum T22), provided equivalent control to the conventional fungicide, mefenoxam, against P. ultimum in one trial and significant reduction of damping-off in the second trial. Natural II and Natural X (Streptomycete products), and Subtilex (Bacillus subtilis) seed treatments each suppressed damping-off significantly in one of the two trials. For R. solani, GTG I and Natural II seed treatments reduced damping-off as effectively as a drench with the fungicide Terraclor (pentachloronitrobenzene). A soil drench with Prestop (Gliocladium catenulatum) suppressed postemergence wilt caused by F. oxysporum in both trials; a compost tea drench and seed treatment with Yield Shield (Bacillus pumilis) each suppressed postemergence wilt in only one of two trials. GTG I and GTG II significantly increased seed germination compared to nontreated seed. No treatment was effective against all three pathogens, and some treatments exacerbated damping-off.

摘要

在一项温室研究中,评估了14种种子处理和灌根处理对有机生产菠菜中土壤传播猝倒病病原体的防治效果。将每种处理的效果与未处理种子以及用传统杀菌剂处理的种子进行比较,以防治尖孢镰刀菌菠菜专化型、终极腐霉和立枯丝核菌。两种试验性种子处理,GTG I和GTG II(每种均由一种专利有机消毒剂组成,后者还含有哈茨木霉T22),在一项试验中对终极腐霉的防治效果与传统杀菌剂甲霜灵相当,在第二项试验中显著降低了猝倒病的发生率。Natural II和Natural X(链霉菌产品)以及Subtilex(枯草芽孢杆菌)种子处理在两项试验中的一项中均显著抑制了猝倒病。对于立枯丝核菌,GTG I和Natural II种子处理降低猝倒病的效果与用杀菌剂地可松(五氯硝基苯)灌根的效果相同。在两项试验中,用Prestop(链格孢菌)进行土壤灌根均抑制了由尖孢镰刀菌引起的出土后萎蔫;用堆肥浸出液灌根和用Yield Shield(短小芽孢杆菌)进行种子处理仅在两项试验中的一项中抑制了出土后萎蔫。与未处理种子相比,GTG I和GTG II显著提高了种子发芽率。没有一种处理对所有三种病原体都有效,并且一些处理加剧了猝倒病。

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