Hamzah N, Nagarajah M, Leo C P
School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia E-mail: chcpleousm.my.
Water Sci Technol. 2018 Dec;78(12):2532-2541. doi: 10.2166/wst.2019.016.
Fat, oil and grease in wastewater generated from household kitchens, restaurants and food processing plants affect sewer systems, water resources and environment adversely. Hence, membrane distillation of saline and oily water was studied using a nearly superhydrophobic membrane developed in this work. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane incorporated SiO nanoparticles was synthesized via phase inversion with dual baths and modified using hexadecyltrimethoxy silane. The volume ratio of silane to ethanol was varied between 1:200 to 1:25. The membrane characteristics were examined using a goniometer, a porometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The PVDF-SiO membrane modified using the volume ratio of 1:50 achieved the highest water contact angle of 141.6° and LEP of 2.642 bar. This membrane was further tested in membrane distillation to observe the permeate flux of distilled water, saline solution (1 M NaCl) as well as saline and oily solution (1 M NaCl; 1,000 ppm of palm oil). The modified PVDF/SiO showed high permeate flux which is nearly four times of the permeate flux of neat PVDF membrane, but still susceptible of salt and oil fouling as shown in SEM images.
家庭厨房、餐馆和食品加工厂产生的废水中的脂肪、油和油脂会对下水道系统、水资源和环境产生不利影响。因此，使用本研究中开发的近超疏水膜对含盐和含油废水进行了膜蒸馏研究。通过双浴相转化法合成了掺入SiO纳米颗粒的聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）膜，并用十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷进行了改性。硅烷与乙醇的体积比在1:200至1:25之间变化。使用测角仪、孔隙率仪、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）对膜的特性进行了检测。使用体积比为1:50改性的PVDF-SiO膜实现了最高水接触角141.6°和2.642 bar的液体进入压力（LEP）。对该膜进行了膜蒸馏进一步测试，以观察蒸馏水、盐溶液（1 M NaCl）以及含盐和含油溶液（1 M NaCl；1000 ppm棕榈油）的渗透通量。改性后的PVDF/SiO显示出高渗透通量，几乎是纯PVDF膜渗透通量的四倍，但如SEM图像所示，仍易受盐和油污染。
