Kiewnick S, Karssen G, Brito J A, Oggenfuss M, Frey J-E
Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW, Research Station ACW, Plant Protection, Schloss P.O. Box 184, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland.
Plant Protection Service, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC, Wageningen and National Nematode Collection, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8123, 6700 ES Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Plant Dis. 2008 Sep;92(9):1370. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-92-9-1370A.
Severe stunting and extensive root galling were observed on tomato rootstock (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Maxifort) resistant to Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949, M. javanica (Treub, 1885), and M. arenaria (Neal, 1889) Chitwood, 1949 and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Loustik) from two commercial greenhouses in the cantons Aargau and Lucerne in northern Switzerland. Examination of the roots of infected plants revealed the presence of root-knot nematodes in large numbers. Juveniles, males, and females were isolated, and the species was determined on the basis of morphological characteristics, including the female perineal pattern. Identification was confirmed by female esterase (Est) and malate dehydrogenase (MdH) electrophoresis (20 each for Est and MdH). All methods of identification were consistent with M. enterolobii Yang & Eisenback, 1983 (4). For further confirmation, type material of M. enterolobii (from the original host Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong) from China (4) was used. Furthermore, comparison of the sequence data from 12 individuals of each of the two Swiss populations and the type material of a 310-bp fragment of cytochrome oxidase I (COI), a 723-bp fragment covering the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region 1, 5.8s, ITS2, and part of the 26s, the mtDNA 63-bp repeat region, and a 780-bp fragment of the intergenic spacer region (1-3) showed 100% homology and confirmed the identification as M. enterolobii. The species M. enterolobii is of great importance because it is able to reproduce on resistant tobacco, pepper, watermelon, and tomato (4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. enterolobii in Switzerland. References: (1) M. A. M. Adam et al. Plant Pathol. 56:190, 2007. (2) V. C. Blok et al. Nematology 4:773, 2002. (3) T. C. Vrain et al. Fundam. Appl. Nematol. 15:565, 1992. (4) B. Yang and J. D. Eisenback. J. Nematol. 15:381, 1983.
在瑞士北部阿尔高州和卢塞恩州两个商业温室中，对番茄砧木（番茄品种Maxifort）和黄瓜（黄瓜品种Loustik）进行观察，发现其出现严重发育不良和广泛的根部瘿瘤。番茄砧木对南方根结线虫（Kofoid & White, 1919）Chitwood, 1949、爪哇根结线虫（Treub, 1885）和花生根结线虫（Neal, 1889）Chitwood, 1949具有抗性。对受感染植株的根系检查发现大量根结线虫。分离出了幼虫、雄虫和雌虫，并根据包括雌虫会阴花纹在内的形态特征确定了线虫种类。通过雌虫酯酶（Est）和苹果酸脱氢酶（MdH）电泳（Est和MdH各20个样本）对鉴定结果进行了确认。所有鉴定方法均与1983年发现的肠杆菌根结线虫（Yang & Eisenback）相符（文献4）。为进一步确认，使用了来自中国的肠杆菌根结线虫模式标本（来自原始寄主扭叶合欢（Vell.）Morong）（文献4）。此外，对来自瑞士两个种群的12个个体以及模式标本的细胞色素氧化酶I（COI）的310 bp片段、覆盖内部转录间隔区（ITS）区域1、5.8s、ITS2和部分26s的723 bp片段、线粒体DNA的63 bp重复区域以及基因间隔区（1 - 3）的780 bp片段的序列数据进行比较，结果显示同源性为100%，从而确认鉴定为肠杆菌根结线虫。肠杆菌根结线虫具有重要意义，因为它能够在抗性烟草、辣椒、西瓜和番茄上繁殖（文献4）。据我们所知，这是瑞士首次报道肠杆菌根结线虫。参考文献：(1) M. A. M. Adam等人，《植物病理学》56:190, 2007。(2) V. C. Blok等人，《线虫学》4:773, 2002。(3) T. C. Vrain等人，《基础与应用线虫学》15:565, 1992。(4) B. Yang和J. D. Eisenback，《线虫学杂志》15:381, 1983。
