Deimi A Mohammad, Barouti S, Rius J E Palomares, Castillo P
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 14515-775, Tehran, Iran.
Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), CSIC, Apdo. 4084, 14080 Córdoba, Spain.
Plant Dis. 2007 May;91(5):637. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-91-5-0637B.
During a nematode survey on cut flowers in the Pakdasht Region, Tehran Province, Iran, a species of foliar nematode belonging to the genus Aphelenchoides Fischer was detected in leaves of 10- to 11-month-old, greenhouse-grown (26 to 28°C) chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum Kitam., cv. Puja) plants. Chrysanthemum leaves appeared discolored and slightly deformed. Diseased plants comprised approximately 40% of all plants in the greenhouse and occurred in scattered clumps along irrigation paths. Spots and blackish brown, irregular, necrotic areas occupied 5 to 50% of the leaf surface. Symptomatic tissue contained females, males, juveniles, and embryonated eggs of the nematode. All life stages of the nematode were detected in the mesophyll of younger and older infected leaves. The nematode population was extracted and quantified from symptomatic samples of 5 g of leaf tissues by modified Baermann funnel extraction and from 250 g of soil with a modification of the sugar centrifugal flotation method (1), counted, and identified. Morphological observations showed four incisures in the lateral field, excretory pore posterior to nerve ring, ovary single with oocytes in multiple rows, post-vulval uterine sac extending more than one-half of the vulva-anus distance, often containing sperm, tail elongate-conoid bearing a terminal peg with 2 to 4 minute processes. Males common (40% of females) posteriorly curved through 180° upon relaxation, tail conoid bearing a terminal peg with 2 to 3 processes. Measurements of 14 females and 11 males (body length = 987 ± 48 μm, a = 49.2 ± 4.4, b = 12.3 ± 1.1, c = 20.6 ± 2.8, V = 71 ± 1.7, T = 49 ± 2.3, stylet length = 12.6 ± 0.6 μm, tail length = 47.9 ± 5.2 μm; position of vulva = 70.8 ± 1.7%; spicules length = 22.8 ± 1.4 μm) conformed to the description of the chrysanthemum foliar nematode Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi (Schwartz) Steiner & Buhrer, (2). Voucher specimens have been deposited in the University of California Davis Collection. An average of 1,064 A. ritzemabosi per gram were found in the leaves of chrysanthemum, while only 48 nematodes were detected in the soil. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. ritzemabosi infecting chrysanthemum plants in Iran. References: (1) W. A. Coolen. Page 317 in: Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne Species) Systematics, Biology, and Control. F. Lamberti and C. E. Taylor, eds., Academic Press, New York, 1979. (2) N. Vovlas et al. Nematology 7:301, 2005.
在伊朗德黑兰省帕克达什特地区对切花进行线虫调查期间，在温室（温度26至28°C）种植的10至11个月大的菊花（Dendranthema grandiflorum Kitam.，品种Puja）植株叶片中检测到一种属于滑刃线虫属（Aphelenchoides Fischer）的叶部线虫。菊花叶片出现变色并略有变形。患病植株约占温室中所有植株的40%，沿灌溉路径呈散生状分布。斑点和黑褐色、不规则的坏死区域占叶片表面的5%至50%。有症状的组织中有线虫的雌虫、雄虫、幼虫和带胚胎的卵。在受感染的嫩叶和老叶的叶肉中均检测到线虫的所有发育阶段。通过改良的贝尔曼漏斗法从5克有症状的叶片组织样本中提取并定量线虫数量，通过改良的糖离心浮选法从250克土壤中提取并定量线虫数量（1），计数并鉴定。形态学观察显示，侧区有四条刻线，排泄孔位于神经环后方，卵巢单个，卵母细胞呈多行排列，阴门后子宫囊延伸超过阴门至肛门距离的一半，常含有精子，尾部细长呈锥形，末端有一个带有2至4个微小突起的钉状结构。雄虫常见（占雌虫的40%），松弛时向后弯曲180°，尾部呈锥形，末端有一个带有2至3个突起的钉状结构。对14只雌虫和11只雄虫的测量结果（体长 = 987 ± 48微米，a = 49.2 ± 4.4，b = 12.3 ± 1.1，c = 20.6 ± 2.8，V = 71 ± 1.7，T = 49 ± 2.3，口针长 = 12.6 ± 0.6微米，尾长 = 47.9 ± 5.2微米；阴门位置 = 70.8 ± 1.7%；交合刺长 = 22.8 ± 1.4微米）符合菊花叶部线虫滑刃线虫（Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi (Schwartz) Steiner & Buhrer）的描述（2）。凭证标本已存放在加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校标本馆。在菊花叶片中平均每克发现1064条滑刃线虫，而在土壤中仅检测到48条线虫。据我们所知，这是滑刃线虫感染伊朗菊花植株的首次报道。参考文献：（1）W. A. 库伦。载于《根结线虫（Meloidogyne属）系统学、生物学与防治》，F. 兰贝蒂和C. E. 泰勒编，学术出版社，纽约，1979年，第317页。（2）N. 沃夫拉斯等人。《线虫学》7:301，2005年。
