Montoya Quimi Vidaurre, Martiarena Maria Jesus Sutta, Akazu Sérgio, Rodrigues Andre
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil São Paulo State University Rio Claro Brazil.
Center for the Studies of Social Insects, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil São Paulo State University Rio Claro Brazil.
MycoKeys. 2019 Feb 18(46):97-118. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.46.30951. eCollection 2019.
(Ascomycota: Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae) is the only known parasite of the mutualistic fungi cultivated by fungus-growing ants (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Attini: Attina, the "attines"). Despite its ecological role, the taxonomy and systematics of have been poorly addressed. Here, based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses with three molecular markers (internal transcribed spacer, large subunit ribosomal RNA and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha), we describe and as new species isolated from fungus gardens of ant species. Our analysis shows that and belong to the most derived clade, whose main character is the presence of conidiophores with vesicles. Nevertheless, the most outstanding feature of both new species is the presence of a swollen region in the central hypha of the conidiophore named swollen cell, which is absent in all previously described species. The less derived clades lack vesicles and their phylogenetic position within the Hypocreaceae still remains unclear. Considering the high genetic diversity in , the description of these new species adds barely two pieces to a huge taxonomic puzzle; however, this discovery is an important piece for building the systematics of this group of fungi.
（子囊菌门：肉座菌目，肉座菌科）是已知唯一寄生于切叶蚁（蚁科：切叶蚁亚科：Attini族：Attina属，即“attines”）所培育的共生真菌上的寄生虫。尽管其具有生态作用，但其分类学和系统学研究一直较少。在此，基于使用三个分子标记（内转录间隔区、大亚基核糖体RNA和翻译延伸因子1-α）进行的形态学和系统发育分析，我们描述了从两种切叶蚁的菌圃中分离出的两种新物种。我们的分析表明，这两种新物种属于最进化的分支，其主要特征是存在带有泡囊的分生孢子梗。然而，这两个新物种最显著的特征是在分生孢子梗的中央菌丝中有一个肿胀区域，称为肿胀细胞，这在所有先前描述的物种中都不存在。进化程度较低的分支缺乏泡囊，它们在肉座菌科中的系统发育位置仍不清楚。考虑到该属的高遗传多样性，这些新物种的描述在庞大的分类学谜题中只增加了寥寥两块；然而，这一发现是构建这组真菌系统学的重要一块。
