跨遗传和环境信息亲属关系的非言语认知：同性别双胞胎和虚拟双胞胎的案例。
Nonverbal cognition across genetic and environmentally informative kinships: The case for opposite-sex twin pairs and virtual twins.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA.
Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA.
出版信息
J Exp Child Psychol. 2019 Jun;182:144-150. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2019.01.019. Epub 2019 Feb 27.
The extent to which prenatal intrauterine testosterone affects cognitive development in females has been of interest. Previous twin research has, however, been limited in its attempts to disentangle prenatal and psychosocial environmental factors influencing cognitive development. The current study applied a novel approach to addressing this concern. Specifically, the nonverbal cognitive performances of female opposite-sex dizygotic co-twins (DZOSfs) and female opposite-sex virtual co-twins (same-age unrelated siblings or VTOSfs) were compared to separate the biological and environmental influences on the nonverbal IQ score and its component subtests. The DZOSf twins showed a trend toward outperforming the younger VTOSf twins on the Block Design subtest only. Using these biologically and environmentally informative kinships offers a novel approach to understanding sex differences in nonverbal cognition. Including VTOSfs as a comparison group creates an experimental design that eliminates confounds and spurious associations left unaddressed in prior twin research.
胎儿子宫内睾酮对女性认知发展的影响一直是研究的热点。然而，之前的双胞胎研究在试图厘清影响认知发展的产前和心理社会环境因素方面受到了限制。本研究采用了一种新的方法来解决这一问题。具体来说，我们比较了女性异卵双生子（DZOSfs）和女性异卵虚拟双生子（同龄无血缘关系的兄弟姐妹或 VTOSfs）的非言语认知表现，以分离非言语智商分数及其组成分测验的生物学和环境影响。只有在积木设计分测验上，DZOSf 双胞胎表现出优于年轻 VTOSf 双胞胎的趋势。使用这些具有生物学和环境信息的亲缘关系为理解非言语认知中的性别差异提供了一种新方法。将 VTOSfs 作为对照组纳入其中，可以创建一种实验设计，消除之前双胞胎研究中未解决的混杂因素和虚假关联。
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