Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, Buenteweg 2, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom.
J Dairy Sci. 2019 May;102(5):3805-3824. doi: 10.3168/jds.2018-15037. Epub 2019 Mar 7.
We aimed to determine how research regarding farmers' personalities and attitudes as risk factors is reported (methodological approaches to assessing, extracting, and processing data and analyzing risk factors) and to explore evidence for the effect of farmers' attitudes and personalities on dairy cattle health, welfare, productivity, and management. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of studies on personality and attitude as risk factors for dairy cattle health, welfare, productivity, and farm management. Database searches captured 1,144 records, and 38 were finally included in the review. Thirty-three manuscripts assessed farmers' attitudes, 1 assessed their personalities, and 4 assessed both as risk factors. These potential risk factors were checked for relationships with more than 50 different outcome variables regarding farm management (17 manuscripts), animal health (13 manuscripts), animal productivity (11 manuscripts), and animal welfare (4 manuscripts). The approaches to assessing risk factors and processing and interpreting data varied greatly; thus, drawing conclusions regarding the effects of attitude and personality as risk factors is impeded because manuscripts are difficult to compare. Our findings highlight the need for harmonization of attitudes and personality assessments in future research. Furthermore, researchers should carefully consider which depth of detail to apply when planning and evaluating related research. Nevertheless, results highlight the importance of the effect of personality and attitude on outcomes. Farmers' personality and attitudes are associated with dairy cattle health, welfare, productivity, and management. In general, attitudes indicating higher degrees of technical knowledge, affection with problems, perceived responsibility, perception of control of a situation, a better human-animal relationship, or a positive evaluation of the benefits of management decisions tended to affect outcomes in a beneficial way. "Agreeableness" and "conscientiousness" were shown to promote better farm performance, whereas "neuroticism" had a negative effect. Therefore, further research on attitude and personality and their consideration by professionals and decision-makers within the dairy sector and politics is strongly recommended. This might provide the chance to better understand the needs of dairy farmers and therefore develop tailored advice and support strategies to improve both satisfactory and constructive cooperation.
我们旨在确定研究农民个性和态度作为风险因素的报告方式（评估、提取和处理数据以及分析风险因素的方法），并探讨农民态度和个性对奶牛健康、福利、生产力和管理的影响。因此，我们对个性和态度作为奶牛健康、福利、生产力和农场管理风险因素的研究进行了系统综述。数据库搜索捕获了 1144 条记录，最终有 38 条被纳入综述。其中 33 篇文章评估了农民的态度，1 篇评估了他们的个性，4 篇评估了两者作为风险因素。这些潜在的风险因素与 50 多个不同的农场管理（17 篇文章）、动物健康（13 篇文章）、动物生产力（11 篇文章）和动物福利（4 篇文章）结果变量相关。评估风险因素以及处理和解释数据的方法差异很大；因此，由于难以比较文献，对个性和态度作为风险因素的影响做出结论受到阻碍。我们的研究结果强调了未来研究中需要协调个性和态度评估。此外，研究人员在规划和评估相关研究时应仔细考虑应用的详细程度。尽管如此，研究结果强调了个性和态度对结果的重要性。农民的个性和态度与奶牛的健康、福利、生产力和管理有关。一般来说，表现出更高程度的技术知识、对问题的关注、感知责任、对情况的控制感、更好的人-动物关系或对管理决策的好处的积极评价的态度往往会以有益的方式影响结果。“宜人性”和“尽责性”被证明可以促进更好的农场表现，而“神经质”则有负面影响。因此，强烈建议进一步研究态度和个性，并在奶牛行业和政治领域的专业人员和决策者中考虑这些因素。这可能提供一个机会，更好地了解奶牛农民的需求，并因此制定有针对性的建议和支持策略，以提高双方的满意度和建设性合作。
