Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Chemistry Department, 15100 Burdur, Turkey.
Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Department, 15100 Burdur, Turkey.
J Environ Manage. 2019 May 15;238:296-306. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.088. Epub 2019 Mar 7.
This work developed an innovative activated carbon (ICAC) derived from orange peels (OP) through chemical activation using FeCl. The traditional activated carbon (PCAC) that was prepared through KCO activation served as a comparison. Three adsorbents (ICAC, PCAC, and OP) were characterized by various techniques, these being: Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, thermo-gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. They were applied to remove diclofenac from aqueous solution applying batch experiments, in order to investigate the characteristics of adsorptive kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics. Results indicated that the S values were in the following order: 457 m/g (PCAC) > 184 m/g (ICAC) > 3.56 m/g (OP). The adsorption process reached a fast equilibrium, with activating energies being 27.6 kJ/mol (ICAC), 16.0 kJ/mol (OP), and 11.2 kJ/mol (PCAC). The Langmuir adsorption capacities at 30 °C exhibited the decreasing order: 144 mg/g (ICAC) > 6.44 mg/g (OP) > 5.61 mg/g (PCAC). The thermodynamic parameters demonstrated a signal dissimilarity between biosorbent (ΔG° <0, ΔH° <0, and ΔS° <0) and activated carbon samples (ΔG° <0, ΔH° >0, and ΔS° >0). The presence of iron (FeOCl, γ-FeO, and FeOOH) on the surface of ICAC played a determining role in efficiently removing diclofenac from solution. The excellent adsorption capacity of ICAC toward diclofenac resulted presumably from the contribution of complicated adsorption mechanisms, such as hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole interaction, π-π interaction, pore filling, and possible Fenton-like degradation. Therefore, FeCl can serve as a promising activating agent for AC preparation with excellent efficiency in removing diclofenac.
这项工作开发了一种创新的活性炭（ICAC），它是通过使用 FeCl 对橙皮进行化学活化得到的。作为比较，还制备了通过 KCO 活化得到的传统活性炭（PCAC）。三种吸附剂（ICAC、PCAC 和 OP）通过各种技术进行了表征，这些技术包括：BET 比表面积分析、热重分析、X 射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、能量色散 X 射线光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱。将它们应用于通过批量实验从水溶液中去除双氯芬酸，以研究吸附动力学、吸附等温线和热力学的特性。结果表明，S 值的顺序为：457 m/g（PCAC）>184 m/g（ICAC）>3.56 m/g（OP）。吸附过程达到快速平衡，活化能分别为 27.6 kJ/mol（ICAC）、16.0 kJ/mol（OP）和 11.2 kJ/mol（PCAC）。在 30°C 下，Langmuir 吸附容量的顺序为：144 mg/g（ICAC）>6.44 mg/g（OP）>5.61 mg/g（PCAC）。热力学参数表明，生物吸附剂（ΔG°<0、ΔH°<0 和 ΔS°<0）和活性炭样品（ΔG°<0、ΔH°>0 和 ΔS°>0）之间存在信号差异。ICAC 表面上铁（FeOCl、γ-FeO 和 FeOOH）的存在在从溶液中有效去除双氯芬酸方面发挥了决定性作用。ICAC 对双氯芬酸具有优异的吸附能力，可能归因于复杂的吸附机制的贡献，例如氢键、离子偶极相互作用、π-π 相互作用、孔填充和可能的芬顿样降解。因此，FeCl 可用作制备 AC 的有前途的活化剂，在去除双氯芬酸方面具有优异的效率。
