Mechelke Jonas, Longrée Philipp, Singer Heinz, Hollender Juliane
Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2019 May;411(12):2555-2567. doi: 10.1007/s00216-019-01696-3. Epub 2019 Mar 11.
Vacuum-assisted evaporative concentration (VEC) was successfully applied and validated for the enrichment of 590 organic substances from river water and wastewater. Different volumes of water samples (6 mL wastewater influent, 15 mL wastewater effluent, and 60 mL river water) were evaporated to 0.3 mL and finally adjusted to 0.4 mL. 0.1 mL of the concentrate were injected into a polar reversed-phase C18 liquid chromatography column coupled with electrospray ionization to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Analyte recoveries were determined for VEC and compared against a mixed-bed multilayer solid-phase extraction (SPE). Both approaches performed equally well (≥ 70% recovery) for a vast number of analytes (n = 327), whereas certain substances were especially amenable to enrichment by either SPE (e.g., 4-chlorobenzophenone, logD 4) or VEC (e.g., TRIS, logD - 4.6). Overall, VEC was more suitable for the enrichment of polar analytes, albeit considerable signal suppression (up to 74% in river water) was observed for the VEC-enriched sample matrix. Nevertheless, VEC allowed for accurate and precise quantification down to the sub-nanogram per liter level and required no more than 60 mL of the sample, as demonstrated by its application to several environmental water matrices. By contrast, SPE is typically constrained by high sample volumes ranging from 100 mL (wastewater influent) to 1000 mL (river water). The developed VEC workflow not only requires low labor cost and minimum supervision but is also a rapid, convenient, and environmentally safe alternative to SPE and highly suitable for target and non-target analysis.
真空辅助蒸发浓缩（VEC）已成功应用于从河水和废水中富集590种有机物质，并得到验证。将不同体积的水样（6毫升废水进水、15毫升废水出水和60毫升河水）蒸发至0.3毫升，最后调至0.4毫升。取0.1毫升浓缩液注入与电喷雾电离联用的高分辨率串联质谱的极性反相C18液相色谱柱。测定了VEC的分析物回收率，并与混合床多层固相萃取（SPE）进行比较。对于大量分析物（n = 327），两种方法的表现同样出色（回收率≥70%），而某些物质特别适合通过SPE（如4 - 氯二苯甲酮，logD 4）或VEC（如TRIS，logD - 4.6）进行富集。总体而言，VEC更适合富集极性分析物，尽管在VEC富集的样品基质中观察到相当程度的信号抑制（河水中高达74%）。尽管如此，VEC能够实现低至纳克每升水平的准确和精确定量，且所需样品量不超过60毫升，这已通过其在几种环境水样中的应用得到证明。相比之下，SPE通常受高样品量限制，范围从100毫升（废水进水）到1000毫升（河水）。所开发的VEC工作流程不仅所需劳动力成本低且监管最少，而且是一种快速、便捷且对环境安全的替代SPE的方法，非常适合目标和非目标分析。
