Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019;14(5):442-452. doi: 10.2174/1574888X14666190308123714.
Therapeutic effects of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs) transplantation have been observed in various disease models. However, it is thought that MSCs-mediated effects largely depend on the paracrine manner of secreting cytokines, growth factors, and Extracellular Vesicles (EVs). Similarly, MSCs-derived EVs also showed therapeutic benefits in various liver diseases through alleviating fibrosis, improving regeneration of hepatocytes, and regulating immune activity. This review provides an overview of the MSCs, their EVs, and their therapeutic potential in treating various liver diseases including liver fibrosis, acute and chronic liver injury, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). More specifically, the mechanisms by which MSC-EVs induce therapeutic benefits in liver diseases will be covered. In addition, comparisons between MSCs and their EVs were also evaluated as regenerative medicine against liver diseases. While the mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy must continue to be evaluated and verified, MSCs-derived EVs currently show tremendous potential and promise as a regenerative medicine treatment for liver disease in the future.
间充质干细胞(MSCs)移植在各种疾病模型中都观察到了治疗效果。然而,人们认为 MSCs 介导的作用在很大程度上取决于其分泌细胞因子、生长因子和细胞外囊泡(EVs)的旁分泌方式。同样,MSCs 衍生的 EVs 通过减轻纤维化、改善肝细胞再生和调节免疫活性,在各种肝脏疾病中也显示出治疗益处。本综述概述了 MSCs、它们的 EVs 及其在治疗各种肝脏疾病(包括肝纤维化、急性和慢性肝损伤以及肝细胞癌(HCC))中的治疗潜力。更具体地说,将涵盖 MSC-EVs 在肝脏疾病中诱导治疗益处的机制。此外,还评估了 MSCs 与其 EVs 之间的比较,作为针对肝脏疾病的再生医学方法。虽然作用机制和临床疗效必须继续进行评估和验证,但 MSCs 衍生的 EVs 目前作为未来肝脏疾病再生医学治疗方法显示出巨大的潜力和前景。