Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
Department Environmental Toxicology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Mar 11;16(5):883. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16050883.
Wastewater discharge is one of the main sources of micropollutants within the aquatic environment. To reduce the risks for the aquatic environment, the reduction of the chemical load of wastewater treatment plant effluent is critical. Based on this need, additional treatment methods, such as ozonation, are currently being tested in several wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In the present study, effects were investigated using in situ feeding experiments with and body burden analyses of frequently detected micropollutants which used a Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) multi-residue method to quantify internal concentrations in collected gammarids. Information obtained from these experiments complemented data from the chemical analysis of water samples and bioassays, which predominantly cover hydrophilic substances. When comparing up- and downstream feeding rates of for seven days, relative to the WWTPs, no significant acute effects were detected, although a slight trend of increased feeding rate downstream of the WWTP Aachen-Soers was observed. The chemical load released by the WWTP or at other points, or by diffuse sources, might be too low to lead to clear acute effects on . However, some compounds found in wastewater are able to alter the microbial community on its leaves, leading to an increase in the feeding rate of . Chemical analysis of internal concentrations of pollutants in the tissues of collected gammarids suggests a potential risk for chronic effects with the chemicals imidacloprid, thiacloprid, carbendazim, and 1H-benzotriazole when exceeding the critical toxic unit value of -3. This study has demonstrated that a combination of acute testing and measurement of the internal concentration of micropollutants that might lead to chronic effects is an efficient tool for investigating river systems, assuming all relevant factors (e.g., species or season) are taken into account.
污水排放是水生环境中微污染物的主要来源之一。为了降低对水生环境的风险，减少污水处理厂出水的化学负荷至关重要。基于这一需求，臭氧化等额外的处理方法目前正在几家污水处理厂（WWTP）进行测试。在本研究中，通过原位投喂实验和经常检测到的微污染物的体内负荷分析来研究影响，使用 QuEChERS 多残留方法定量采集的大型溞体内的内部浓度。这些实验获得的信息补充了水样的化学分析和生物测定的数据，生物测定主要涵盖亲水性物质。当比较七天的上游和下游投喂率与 WWTP 相比时，尽管在 WWTP Aachen-Soers 的下游观察到投喂率略有增加的趋势，但未检测到明显的急性影响。WWTP 释放的化学负荷或在其他点或通过弥散源释放的化学负荷可能太低，无法对大型溞产生明显的急性影响。然而，废水中的一些化合物能够改变其叶片上的微生物群落，导致大型溞的摄食率增加。对收集的大型溞组织中污染物内部浓度的化学分析表明，当超过 -3 的临界毒性单位值时，某些化合物（如吡虫啉、噻虫啉、多菌灵和 1H-苯并三唑）可能存在慢性影响的风险。本研究表明，急性测试和测量可能导致慢性影响的微污染物内部浓度的组合是研究河流系统的有效工具，假设考虑了所有相关因素（例如，物种或季节）。
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