Dinkins Christine Sorrell, Cangelosi Pamela R
Wofford College, Spartanburg, South Carolina.
Shenandoah University, Winchester, Virginia.
Nurs Philos. 2019 Apr;20(2):e12240. doi: 10.1111/nup.12240. Epub 2019 Mar 20.
The term "Socratic method" is so pervasive in education across the disciplines that it has largely lost its meaning, and it has lost its roots in its originator-the historical Socrates. In this article we draw from the original source, Plato's ancient dialogues, to understand the theory and principles behind the questioning used in Socratic method. A deep understanding of Socratic method is particularly timely now as nursing leaders call for increased use of theory-based debriefing across the nursing curriculum. Socratic questioning is ideally suited as a method for debriefing in nursing classrooms because of its ability to enhance critical thinking and self-reflection of the learner and because of its basis in care for the learner through a learner-centred design. We present an analysis of the Socratic method in Plato's works and provide an overview of the key Socratic principles and techniques. We illustrate these principles and techniques with examples of how Socratic teaching can be applied in the nursing classroom, and we address the challenges and rewards for nursing faculty implementing Socratic method. Learning about Socratic method directly from Plato's dialogues can provide a richer and more robust understanding of this key pedagogical technique and help nurse educators practice more intentional and informed Socratic questioning and debriefing.
“苏格拉底方法”一词在各学科教育中如此普遍，以至于它在很大程度上已失去其原义，并且它已脱离其创造者——历史上的苏格拉底——的根源。在本文中，我们从原始资料柏拉图的古代对话录中汲取养分，以理解苏格拉底方法中提问背后的理论和原则。鉴于护理领域的领导者呼吁在整个护理课程中更多地运用基于理论的反思，当下对苏格拉底方法有深入理解尤为适时。苏格拉底式提问非常适合作为护理课堂反思的一种方法，因为它能够增强学习者的批判性思维和自我反思能力，还因为它通过以学习者为中心的设计体现了对学习者的关怀。我们对柏拉图作品中的苏格拉底方法进行了分析，并概述了关键的苏格拉底原则和技巧。我们通过苏格拉底式教学如何应用于护理课堂的实例来说明这些原则和技巧，并且探讨了护理教师运用苏格拉底方法所面临的挑战和收获。直接从柏拉图的对话录中学习苏格拉底方法，能够让我们对这一关键教学技巧有更丰富、更深刻的理解，并帮助护理教育工作者更有意识、更明智地进行苏格拉底式提问和反思。
