Hlavaty Leigh, Roquero Leonardo, Amley Jeffery, Root Kelly, Ishikawa Martin, Koopmeiners Andrew, Zhao Lili, Sung LokMan
Wayne County Medical Examiner's Office, 1300 E. Warren Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48207.
Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109.
J Forensic Sci. 2019 Sep;64(5):1399-1411. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.14055. Epub 2019 Mar 21.
Forensic pathologist use soot and/or stippling surrounding entrance gunshot wounds in categorizing range of fire. If absent, some pathologists suggest utilizing histology when the range is diagnostically critical. This study investigates the concordance of macroscopic and microscopic findings in estimating range of fire by evaluating gunshot entrance and exit wounds made through human tissue analogs at defined distances using two handgun calibers. Examination of over 150 entrance wounds verified the ease of visually detecting soot from a muzzle distance of contact to 1 foot (30.5 cm), and its absence at 9 feet (274.3 cm). Distinctly apparent was bullet wipe surrounding the entrance wounds regardless of muzzle distance. Although variations existed, dark material was histologically identified in many skin, soft tissue, and bone sections at all ranges with both calibers. These nonparallel results decrease the dependability of histology for range of fire estimation and reinforce using gross observation.
法医病理学家利用枪伤入口周围的烟灰和/或火药颗粒沉着来对射击距离进行分类。如果没有这些特征，一些病理学家建议在诊断关键的射击距离时利用组织学方法。本研究通过使用两种手枪口径在规定距离对人体组织模拟物造成枪伤入口和出口创伤，来调查宏观和微观结果在估计射击距离方面的一致性。对150多个入口创伤的检查证实，从接触枪口距离到1英尺（30.5厘米）很容易在视觉上检测到烟灰，而在9英尺（274.3厘米）则没有烟灰。无论枪口距离如何，入口创伤周围明显可见子弹擦痕。尽管存在差异，但在所有射击距离下，两种口径的许多皮肤、软组织和骨切片在组织学上都能识别出深色物质。这些不平行的结果降低了组织学在估计射击距离方面的可靠性，并强化了使用大体观察的方法。
