从环保菠萝叶纤维(PALF)中提取纤维素纳米纤维(CNF)的新型处理参数:结构-性能关系。
Novel processing parameters for the extraction of cellulose nanofibres (CNF) from environmentally benign pineapple leaf fibres (PALF): Structure-property relationships.
机构信息
Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, Sree Sankara College, Kalady, Kalady P. O., Ernakulam Dist., Kerala 683574, India.
Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, Sree Sankara College, Kalady, Kalady P. O., Ernakulam Dist., Kerala 683574, India.
出版信息
Int J Biol Macromol. 2019 Jun 15;131:858-870. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.134. Epub 2019 Mar 21.
Development of bio-nanoreinforcement is gaining momentum worldwide nowadays since it contributes much to the green materials era. This paper presents a proposal for reusing the agro waste to produce cellulose nanofibres in an ecofriendly way. The present work aims to isolate cellulose nanofibres (CNF) from pineapple leaf fibres (PALF) via green-cost effective route using lime juice for acid hydrolysis and ball milling for defibrillation. PALF is considered as a waste material after the cultivation of fruits. But PALF is rich in cellulose, fully biodegradable and renewable which makes it a perfect candidate for the extraction of CNF. The main objective of the present work is to avoid the use of hazardous acids and reduce the high energy consumption for the isolation of cellulose nanofibres. Nowadays the use of these green methods is relevant in order to prevent pollution in the environment. The extracted fibres have been characterised by FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, AFM, DLS and Thermal analysis. FT-IR results show the isolation of cellulose nanofibres by losing hemicellulose and lignin. In XRD, the increase in crystallinity (77%) is a clear indication of removal of lignin and hemicellulose present in amorphous region. The Thermal analysis reveals that the thermal stability increases for the isolated nanofibres. The maximum degradation temperature observed for isolated CNF is 344.49 °C. The surface morphological analysis (AFM, FESEM and HRTEM) showed that lime juice hydrolysis and ball milling have been a successful method for the isolation of cellulose nanofibres which can be used an effective reinforcement for preparation of polymer nanocomposites. The diameter of CNF from FESEM, HRTEM and DLS obtained was around 30-85 nm, 10-50 nm and 420 nm respectively. Present work points out the chances of recycling the agro waste (pineapple leaves) to extract cellulose nanofibres and thereby preserving nature in an environmentally benign way. Analysis of production cost reveals that the proposed green methodology is economic, able to produce CNF on a large scale and can be utilized in food industry, paper making, biomedicine and machinery tools.
生物纳米增强材料的发展在全球范围内方兴未艾,因为它为绿色材料时代做出了巨大贡献。本文提出了一种以环保的方式利用农业废弃物生产纤维素纳米纤维的方法。本工作旨在通过石灰汁酸水解和球磨解纤,从菠萝叶纤维(PALF)中分离出纤维素纳米纤维(CNF)。PALF 是水果种植后的一种废弃物,但它富含纤维素,完全可生物降解和可再生,是提取 CNF 的理想选择。本工作的主要目的是避免使用危险酸,并减少分离纤维素纳米纤维所需的高能耗。如今,使用这些绿色方法具有现实意义,可以防止环境污染。提取的纤维已经通过 FT-IR、XRD、FESEM、HRTEM、AFM、DLS 和热分析进行了表征。FT-IR 结果表明,通过去除半纤维素和木质素,成功分离出纤维素纳米纤维。在 XRD 中,结晶度(77%)的增加清楚地表明,存在于无定形区域的木质素和半纤维素已被去除。热分析表明,分离出的纳米纤维的热稳定性提高。观察到分离出的 CNF 的最大降解温度为 344.49°C。表面形貌分析(AFM、FESEM 和 HRTEM)表明,石灰汁水解和球磨是分离纤维素纳米纤维的成功方法,可用于制备聚合物纳米复合材料的有效增强材料。FESEM、HRTEM 和 DLS 获得的 CNF 的直径分别约为 30-85nm、10-50nm 和 420nm。本工作指出了回收农业废弃物(菠萝叶)提取纤维素纳米纤维的机会,从而以环保的方式保护自然。生产成本分析表明,所提出的绿色方法具有经济性,能够大规模生产 CNF,并可用于食品工业、造纸、生物医学和机械工具。