Synthesis of Polythiophene⁻Fullerene Hybrid Additives as Potential Compatibilizers of BHJ Active Layers.

Perfluorophenyl functionalities have been introduced as chain substituents onto regioregular poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (-P3HT), under various percentages. These functional groups were then converted to azides which were used to create polymeric hybrid materials with fullerene species, either C or C. The P3HT⁻fullerene hybrids thus formed were thereafter evaluated as potential compatibilizers of BHJ active layers comprising P3HT and fullerene based acceptors. Therefore, a systematic investigation of the optical and morphological properties of the purified polymer⁻fullerene hybrid materials was performed, via different complementary techniques. Additionally, P3HT:PCBM blends containing various percentages of the herein synthesized hybrid material comprising -P3HT and C were investigated via Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) in an effort to understand the effect of the hybrids as additives on the morphology and nanophase separation of this typically used active layer blend for OPVs.