Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA; Key laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management, South China Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Jul;250:137-142. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.013. Epub 2019 Apr 6.
Fly ash generated from coal-fired power plants is a source of potential pollutants, but can be used as a soil ameliorant to increase plant biomass and yield in agriculture. However, the effects of fly ash soil application on plant biomass and the accumulation of both nutrient and toxic elements in plants remain unclear. Based on 85 articles, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to evaluate changes in plant biomass and concentrations of 21 elements in plants in response to fly ash application. These elements included macro-nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and S), micro-nutrients (B, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, and Zn), and metal(loid)s (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Se). Overall, fly ash application decreased plant biomass by 15.2%. However, plant biomass was enhanced by fly ash application by 11.6-29.2% at lower application rates (i.e. <25% of soil mass), and decreased by 45.8% at higher application rates (i.e. 50-100%). Belowground biomass was significantly reduced while yield was enhanced by fly ash application. Most of the element concentrations in plants were enhanced by fly ash application, and followed a descending order with metal(loid)s > micro-nutrients > macro-nutrients. Concentrations of elements tended to increase with an increase in fly ash application rate. Our syntheses indicated that fly ash should be applied at less than 25% in order to enhance plant biomass and yield but avoid high accumulations of metal(loid)s.
燃煤电厂产生的粉煤灰是潜在污染物的来源，但可以用作土壤改良剂，以增加农业中植物的生物量和产量。然而，粉煤灰施入土壤对植物生物量的影响以及植物中营养元素和有毒元素的积累情况仍不清楚。我们基于 85 篇文章进行了综合荟萃分析，以评估粉煤灰施入对植物生物量以及 21 种元素在植物中浓度的变化。这些元素包括大量营养元素（N、P、K、Ca 和 S）、微量营养元素（B、Co、Cu、Fe、Mn、Mo、Ni 和 Zn）和金属（类）元素（Al、As、Cd、Cr、Pb 和 Se）。总体而言，粉煤灰施入使植物生物量减少了 15.2%。然而，在较低的施用量（即土壤质量的 <25%）下，粉煤灰施入使植物生物量增加了 11.6-29.2%，而在较高的施用量（即 50-100%）下，植物生物量减少了 45.8%。粉煤灰施入使地下生物量显著减少，而产量增加。植物中大多数元素的浓度因粉煤灰施入而增加，其顺序为金属（类）元素 > 微量营养元素 > 大量营养元素。元素浓度随粉煤灰施用量的增加而增加。我们的综合分析表明，为了提高植物生物量和产量，同时避免金属（类）元素的高积累，粉煤灰的施用量应少于 25%。
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