Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
Neuroscience. 2019 May 1;405:55-67. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.06.046. Epub 2018 Jul 6.
Over the past few decades, microglial cells have been regarded as the main executor of inflammation after acute and chronic central nervous system (CNS) disorders, responding rapidly to exogenous stimuli during acute trauma or infections, or signals released by cells undergoing cell death during conditions such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Barriers of the nervous system, and in particular the blood-brain barrier (BBB), play a key role in the normal physiological and cognitive functions of the brain. Being at the interface between the central and peripheral compartment, the BBB is regarded as a sensor of homeostasis, and any disruption within the brain or the systemic compartment triggers BBB dysfunction and neuroinflammation, both contributing to the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disease. This involves a dynamic response mediated by all components of the neurovascular unit (NVU), and ongoing research suggests that BBB-microglia interaction is critical to dictate the microglial response to NVU injury. The present review aims to give an up-to-date account of the emerging critical role of BBB-microglia interactions during neuroinflammation, and how these could be targeted for the therapeutic treatment of major central inflammatory disease.
在过去的几十年中，小胶质细胞被认为是急性和慢性中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病后炎症的主要执行者，它们在急性创伤或感染时对外源性刺激，或在中风、阿尔茨海默病（AD）和帕金森病（PD）等情况下细胞死亡释放的信号迅速作出反应。神经系统的屏障，特别是血脑屏障（BBB），在大脑的正常生理和认知功能中起着关键作用。作为中枢和外周隔室之间的界面，BBB 被视为体内平衡的传感器，大脑或全身隔室中的任何破坏都会触发 BBB 功能障碍和神经炎症，这两者都有助于脑血管疾病的发病机制。这涉及到由神经血管单元（NVU）的所有组成部分介导的动态反应，并且正在进行的研究表明，BBB-小胶质细胞相互作用对于决定小胶质细胞对 NVU 损伤的反应至关重要。本文综述旨在介绍 BBB-小胶质细胞相互作用在神经炎症中的新出现的关键作用，以及如何针对主要中枢炎症性疾病的治疗进行靶向治疗。
