Masseli Gabriel S, Bruce Allan D, Santos Jucimara G Dos, Vincen Timothy, Kaefer Igor L
Centro de Estudos Integrados da Biodiversidade Amazônica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 69080-970 Manaus, AM, Brazil.
Universidade Nilton Lins, Parque das Laranjeiras, Av. Prof. Nilton Lins, 3259, 69058-030 Manaus, AM, Brazil.
An Acad Bras Cienc. 2019;91(suppl 1):e20190080. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765201920190080. Epub 2019 Apr 18.
Most species of Amazonian snakes have wide geographic distributions. However, local environmental factors influence the formation of assemblages in different localities. In this study, we investigated the composition of the assemblage and the effect of environmental variables on the distribution of the species inhabiting an upland forest in the Experimental Farm area of the Federal University of Amazonas in Manaus, Brazil. Data collection was carried out in 24 standardized plots. Each plot was sampled four times between July 2015 and April 2017 by active search method. We recorded 83 individuals from 29 species belonging to six families. The richness in the study area corresponded to 78% of the snake species and 100% of the families previously recorded for Manaus. As observed in other localities, the most abundant species was the Amazonian lancehead (Bothrops atrox). Multiple linear regression models did not detect any effect of environmental variables on species richness and abundance of individuals. However, quadratic polynomial regression models revealed that intermediate canopy opening percentages positively influence the richness and abundance of snakes. It is possible that the result is related to a tradeoff between the thermoregulation behavior of these animals and to their susceptibility to predation.
大多数亚马逊蛇类物种具有广泛的地理分布。然而，当地环境因素会影响不同地区蛇类群落的形成。在本研究中，我们调查了巴西玛瑙斯市亚马逊联邦大学实验农场地区高地森林中蛇类群落的组成，以及环境变量对栖息于该地区的蛇类物种分布的影响。数据收集在24个标准化样地中进行。在2015年7月至2017年4月期间，每个样地通过主动搜索法进行了四次采样。我们记录了来自六个科29个物种的83个个体。研究区域内的物种丰富度相当于玛瑙斯市此前记录的蛇类物种的78%，以及所有科的100%。正如在其他地区所观察到的那样，最常见的物种是亚马逊矛头蝮（Bothrops atrox）。多元线性回归模型未检测到环境变量对物种丰富度和个体数量有任何影响。然而，二次多项式回归模型显示，中等程度的林冠开度百分比对蛇类的丰富度和数量有积极影响。这一结果可能与这些动物的体温调节行为与其被捕食的易感性之间的权衡有关。
