Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Chemosphere. 2019 Sep;231:121-125. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.085. Epub 2019 May 16.
The aim of this study was to estimate the contribution of submicronic (PM1) and coarse (PM > 1) particulate matter deposition to the heavy metal load of lichens exposed along a busy road, based on the assumption that the accumulation of heavy metals occurs mostly as particles. We tested the hypothesis that lichens exposed inside a nylon cover with mesh size of 1 μm accumulate less heavy metals than lichens exposed without any cover. To this purpose, thalli of the lichen Evernia prunastri were transplanted for three months along a busy road of the urban area of Siena (Central Italy), with half of the samples exposed inside a nylon cover with a mesh size of 1 μm. The content of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn was measured by ICP-MS before and after the exposure. The results showed that samples exposed inside the nylon cover accumulated a lower amount of most chemical elements and that Sb, along with Cd and Cu were the main traffic-related elements in the study area. Differences in element uptake were not caused by differences in sample vitality caused by the experimental procedure. Using a conversion factor it was possible to estimate element deposition rates for PM1 and PM > 1.
本研究旨在估算亚微米级（PM1）和粗颗粒级（PM＞1）颗粒物沉积对暴露于交通繁忙道路旁地衣中重金属负荷的贡献，其假设依据是重金属的积累主要以颗粒物的形式发生。我们检验了以下假设，即在网眼尺寸为 1μm 的尼龙罩内暴露的地衣比没有任何覆盖物暴露的地衣积累的重金属要少。为此，将地衣 Evernia prunastri 的叶状体移植到意大利锡耶纳（意大利中部）市区交通繁忙的道路旁三个月，其中一半样本暴露在网眼尺寸为 1μm 的尼龙罩内。在暴露前后，通过 ICP-MS 测量 Al、As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Fe、Ni、Pb、Sb 和 Zn 的含量。结果表明，在尼龙罩内暴露的样本积累了大部分化学元素的较少数量，并且 Sb 以及 Cd 和 Cu 是研究区域中与交通相关的主要元素。元素吸收的差异不是由实验程序引起的样本活力差异造成的。使用转换因子，可以估算 PM1 和 PM＞1 的元素沉积速率。
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