Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
J Biomech. 2019 Jun 25;91:79-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.05.020. Epub 2019 May 21.
A simple spring mechanics model can capture the dynamics of the center of mass (CoM) during human walking, which is coordinated by multiple joints. This simple spring model, however, only describes the CoM during the stance phase, and the mechanics involved in the bipedality of the human gait are limited. In this study, a bipedal spring walking model was proposed to demonstrate the dynamics of bipedal walking, including swing dynamics followed by the step-to-step transition. The model consists of two springs with different stiffnesses and rest lengths representing the stance leg and swing leg. One end of each spring has a foot mass, and the other end is attached to the body mass. To induce a forward swing that matches the gait phase, a torsional hip joint spring was introduced at each leg. To reflect the active knee flexion for foot clearance, the rest length of the swing leg was set shorter than that of the stance leg, generating a discrete elastic restoring force. The number of model parameters was reduced by introducing dependencies among stiffness parameters. The proposed model generates periodic gaits with dynamics-driven step-to-step transitions and realistic swing dynamics. While preserving the mimicry of the CoM and ground reaction force (GRF) data at various gait speeds, the proposed model emulated the kinematics of the swing leg. This result implies that the dynamics of human walking generated by the actuations of multiple body segments is describable by a simple spring mechanics.
一个简单的弹簧力学模型可以捕捉人类行走过程中质心(CoM)的动力学,这是由多个关节协调完成的。然而,这个简单的弹簧模型仅描述了支撑相期间的 CoM,并且对人类步态的双足性涉及的力学描述有限。在这项研究中,提出了一个双足弹簧行走模型来演示双足行走的动力学,包括摆动动力学和步间过渡。该模型由两个具有不同刚度和静止长度的弹簧组成,分别代表支撑腿和摆动腿。每个弹簧的一端有一个脚质量,另一端连接到身体质量上。为了诱导与步态相位匹配的向前摆动,在每条腿上引入了一个扭转髋关节弹簧。为了反映主动屈膝以实现足离地,摆动腿的静止长度比支撑腿短,产生离散的弹性恢复力。通过引入刚度参数之间的依赖性,减少了模型参数的数量。所提出的模型产生具有动力学驱动的步间过渡和真实摆动动力学的周期性步态。在保持各种步态速度下 CoM 和地面反作用力(GRF)数据的模拟的同时,该模型模拟了摆动腿的运动学。这一结果表明,由多个身体部位的动作产生的人类行走的动力学可以用简单的弹簧力学来描述。