Departamento Ciência da Nutrição, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.
Instituto de Saúde Coletiva (ISC), Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.
PLoS One. 2019 Jun 14;14(6):e0218566. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218566. eCollection 2019.
To assess the sociodemographic factors associated with the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) among Brazilian adolescents.
This was a descriptive study based on data from 59,637 and 10,770 students who participated in the National Adolescent School-Based Health Survey (PeNSE), 2009 and 2015 editions, respectively. Weight and height measurements were obtained to evaluate nutritional status. DBM was classified as follows: adolescents with high BMI-for-age and low height-for-age (BMI/A: Z-score > +1 and H/A: Z-score < -2). Sociodemographic data on the participants were also collected. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to detect associations of interest.
The prevalence of DBM in the 2009 and 2015 editions of the PeNSE was 0.4% and 0.3%, respectively. In the 2009 edition, the chance of DBM was lower among boys (OR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.45-0.81) and higher among those over 14 years old (OR = 2.40; 95% CI = 1.80-3.20), living in the country's north and northeast regions (OR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.49-2.84), and from families with a low maternal education level (OR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.07-2.04). In the 2015 edition, no significant associations were found regarding the DBM outcome.
The results indicate the presence of socioeconomic inequalities in the occurrence of DBM in the 2009 edition of the PeNSE. Simultaneous interventions in the area of equity are necessary to prevent the advancement of nutrition-related problems.
评估巴西青少年营养不良双重负担（DBM）相关的社会人口学因素。
这是一项基于分别参加 2009 年和 2015 年全国青少年学校健康调查（PeNSE）的 59637 名和 10770 名学生数据的描述性研究。测量体重和身高以评估营养状况。DBM 分为以下几类：高 BMI-for-age 和低身高-for-age 的青少年（BMI/A：Z 分数> +1 和 H/A：Z 分数< -2）。还收集了参与者的社会人口学数据。使用多变量逻辑回归分析来检测感兴趣的关联。
PeNSE 2009 年和 2015 年版的 DBM 患病率分别为 0.4%和 0.3%。在 2009 年版中，DBM 的可能性在男孩中较低（OR=0.60；95%CI=0.45-0.81），在 14 岁以上的人中较高（OR=2.40；95%CI=1.80-3.20），生活在该国北部和东北部地区（OR=2.01；95%CI=1.49-2.84），以及来自母亲教育水平较低的家庭（OR=1.48；95%CI=1.07-2.04）。在 2015 年版中，DBM 结局没有发现显著关联。
这些结果表明，2009 年版 PeNSE 中 DBM 的发生存在社会经济不平等。为了防止与营养相关问题的恶化，有必要在公平领域同时采取干预措施。
