Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, CP 199, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, CP 199, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
Sci Adv. 2019 Jun 19;5(6):eaav6699. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aav6699. eCollection 2019 Jun.
Species on Earth are interconnected with each other through ecological interactions. Defaunation can erode those connections, yet we lack evolutionary predictions about the consequences of losing interactions in human-modified ecosystems. We quantified the fate of the evolutionary history of avian-seed dispersal interactions across tropical forest fragments by combining the evolutionary distinctness of the pairwise-partner species, a proxy to their unique functional features. Both large-seeded plant and large-bodied bird species showed the highest evolutionary distinctness. We estimate a loss of 3.5 to 4.7 × 10 million years of cumulative evolutionary history of interactions due to defaunation. Bird-driven local extinctions mainly erode the most evolutionarily distinct interactions. However, the persistence of less evolutionarily distinct bird species in defaunated areas exerts a phylogenetic rescue effect through seed dispersal of evolutionarily distinct plant species.
地球上的物种通过生态相互作用相互关联。物种灭绝会破坏这些联系，但我们缺乏关于在人类改造的生态系统中失去相互作用的后果的进化预测。我们通过将种间成对伙伴物种的进化独特性（它们独特功能特征的代表）相结合，量化了热带森林片段中鸟类-种子传播相互作用的进化历史的命运。大种子植物和大体型鸟类物种的进化独特性最高。我们估计，由于物种灭绝，鸟类传播的相互作用的进化历史损失了 350 万到 470 万年。鸟类驱动的局部灭绝主要破坏了最具进化独特性的相互作用。然而，在物种灭绝地区，进化独特性较低的鸟类物种的存活通过进化独特的植物物种的种子传播产生了系统发育拯救效应。
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