Influence of coupled hemodynamics-arterial wall interaction on compliance in a realistic pulmonary artery with variable intravascular wall properties.

Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by elevation of pulmonary artery (PA) pressure (p) and structural remodeling of the PA wall, leading to reduction in arterial compliance (c). As a step towards improving diagnosis of pulmonary disease, we use the PA branch geometry (main pulmonary artery (MPA) branching into left (LPA) and right (RPA) pulmonary arteries) obtained from MRI in conjunction with an inverse algorithm to obtain the pre-stress level in the artery walls. Next, a coupled blood-wall interaction (BWI) calculation provides hemodynamic information as well as compliance of the PA walls. We show that the computed load-free geometry from the inverse algorithm exhibits a 27.8% lower inner diameter (d) and 18.5% lower outer d compared to the in vivo geometry from MRI. Further, the mean p computed from the BWI computation in the main PA (p) is within 4% of the mean p (n-numerical; e-experimental). Also, the mean Q computed in the left PA (Q) is within 10% of the mean Q. Finally, the compliance c is computed to be 27% lower than c, while the c is computed to be 20.4% lower than c. Importantly, the PA shows significant intra-vascular variation in compliance, with the MPA showing higher overall compliance compared to the LPA (3.5-4 times).