Malaria Prevalence in a Low Transmission Area, Jazan District of Southwestern Saudi Arabia.

作者信息

Hawash Yousry, Ismail Khadiga, Alsharif Khalaf, Alsanie Walaa

机构信息

Clinical Laboratories Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.

Parasitology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.

出版信息

Korean J Parasitol. 2019 Jun;57(3):233-242. doi: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.3.233. Epub 2019 Jun 30.

Abstract

Detailed description of malaria in low transmission areas is crucial for elimination. The current study aimed to provide a comprehensive description for malaria transmission in Jazan, a low transmission district, southwestern Saudi Arabia. Patients at a tertiary care hospital were recruited in our study between August 2016 and September 2018. Malaria diagnosis was performed through a species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR), microscopy and Paramax-3TM rapid detection test (RDT). Malaria was detected in 30 patients by the PCR, with point prevalence of 10.9%. Of these malaria infections, 80% was imported, 26.6% was asymptomatic and 23.3% was sub-microscopic. Malaria was reported throughout the year, with February/March and September/October peaks. Infection was significantly more in males than in females (P=0.01). Likewise, infections were detected more in febrile than in non-febrile patients (P=0.01). Adult aged 15-24 years, fever and travel were identified as high-risk factors. Malaria was primarily attributed to Plasmodium falciparum mono-infections, followed by P. vivax mono-infections and lastly to falciparum/vivax mixed infections accounting 76.6%, 16.6%, and 6.6% of PCR-confirmed malaria cases, respectively. The nested PCR was superior to the smear microscopy (sensitivity 76.6%; specificity 100%) and the RDT (sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 94.2%). The overall percent agreement between microscopy and the RDT was 92.7% (kappa=0.63). High proportion of imported malaria including sub-microscopic and sub-patent cases were described. We suggest that incorporation of molecular tool into the conventional malaria diagnosis is beneficial in Jazan district.

摘要
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d28d/6616166/4ed55d3cd18e/kjp-57-3-233f1.jpg

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