基于网络的成长型思维干预对增强智能手机戒烟应用效果的初步随机对照试验

A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Web-Based Growth Mindset Intervention to Enhance the Effectiveness of a Smartphone App for Smoking Cessation.

机构信息

University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States.

出版信息

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2019 Jul 9;7(7):e14602. doi: 10.2196/14602.

DOI:10.2196/14602

PMID:31290404

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6647751/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Although smartphone apps have shown promise for smoking cessation, there is a need to enhance their low engagement rates. This study evaluated the application of the growth mindset theory, which has demonstrated the potential to improve persistence in behavior change in other domains, as a means to improve engagement and cessation.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the feasibility, utility, and efficacy of a Web-based growth mindset intervention for addiction when used alongside a smoking cessation app.

METHODS

Daily smokers (N=398) were all recruited on the Web and randomly assigned to receive either a cessation app alone or the app plus a Web-delivered growth mindset intervention. The primary outcome was engagement, that is, the number of log-ins to the smoking cessation app. The secondary outcome was 30-day point prevalence abstinence at 2-month follow-up collected through a Web-based survey.

RESULTS

The 2-month outcome data retention rate was 91.5% (364/398). In addition, 77.9% (310/398) of the participants in the experimental arm viewed at least 1 page of their growth mindset intervention, and 21.1% (84/398) of the group viewed all the growth mindset intervention. The intention-to-treat analysis did not show statistically significant differences between the experimental and comparison arms on log-ins to the app (19.46 vs 21.61; P=.38). The experimental arm had cessation rates, which trended higher than the comparison arm (17% vs 13%; P=.10). The modified intent-to-treat analysis, including only participants who used their assigned intervention at least once (n=115 in experimental group and n=151 in the control group), showed that the experimental arm had a similar number of log-ins (32.31 vs 28.48; P=.55) but significantly higher cessation rates (21% vs 13%; P=.03) than the comparison arm.

CONCLUSIONS

A growth mindset intervention for addiction did not increase engagement rates, although it may increase cessation rates when used alongside a smartphone app for smoking cessation. Future research is required to refine the intervention and assess efficacy with long-term follow-up to evaluate the efficacy of the mindset intervention.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03174730; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03174730.

摘要

背景

虽然智能手机应用程序在戒烟方面显示出了一定的前景，但仍需要提高其低参与率。本研究评估了成长型思维理论的应用，该理论已证明在其他领域改变行为的持久性方面具有潜在的改善作用，可作为提高参与度和戒烟成功率的一种手段。

目的

本研究旨在探索将成瘾的成长型思维干预应用于基于网络的戒烟应用程序时的可行性、实用性和疗效。

方法

每天吸烟的（N=398）吸烟者均通过网络招募，并随机分配接受单独的戒烟应用程序或应用程序加网络提供的成长型思维干预。主要结果是参与度，即登录戒烟应用程序的次数。次要结果是通过网络调查在 2 个月随访时 30 天的点流行率戒烟。

结果

2 个月的结果数据保留率为 91.5%（364/398）。此外，实验组中有 77.9%（310/398）的参与者至少浏览了他们的成长型思维干预的 1 页，21.1%（84/398）的参与者浏览了所有的成长型思维干预内容。意向性治疗分析显示，实验组和对照组在登录应用程序方面没有统计学上的显著差异（19.46 次比 21.61 次；P=.38）。实验组的戒烟率高于对照组（17%比 13%；P=.10）。包括仅使用指定干预措施至少一次的参与者（实验组 115 人，对照组 151 人）的修改意向性治疗分析显示，实验组的登录次数相似（32.31 次比 28.48 次；P=.55），但戒烟率显著更高（21%比 13%；P=.03）。