Division of Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Kumamoto University, 2-40-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.
Department of Informatics, Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
Exp Brain Res. 2019 Sep;237(9):2411-2421. doi: 10.1007/s00221-019-05588-x. Epub 2019 Jul 11.
This study investigated the effects of declined accommodation on reading performance in non-native and native languages. Eighteen native Japanese speakers participated: eight presbyopes and ten non-presbyopes. In the experiment, participants were asked to scan, or sequentially read six-word items presented in two-line texts, identify a non-word target as quickly as possible, and indicate its location. In addition to the participant type (presbyopes/non-presbyopes) and language of the reading material (Japanese/English), viewing distance (35 cm/70 cm) and contrast (18%/100%) were manipulated. The results showed that the presbyopes exhibited worse reading performance than the non-presbyopes at closer distances irrespective of the language. Notably, the inferiority of the presbyopes' reading performance was more pronounced when they read in a non-native language than in their native language. It should be noted that differences in reading performance between the presbyopes and non-presbyopes were subtle for high-contrast words at longer viewing distances, indicating that age- or cohort-related perceptual, motor, and cognitive differences were almost negligible, but accommodation mattered. These results suggest that the effect of accommodation decline is influenced by the language of the reading material.
本研究调查了调节减退对非母语和母语阅读表现的影响。18 名母语为日语的参与者参与了研究：8 名远视者和 10 名非远视者。在实验中，要求参与者快速扫描或顺序阅读两行文本中呈现的六个单词项目，尽可能快地识别出一个非单词目标，并指出其位置。除了参与者类型（远视者/非远视者）和阅读材料的语言（日语/英语）外，还操纵了观察距离（35cm/70cm）和对比度（18%/100%）。结果表明，无论语言如何，远视者在较近的距离下阅读表现都比非远视者差。值得注意的是，远视者在阅读非母语时的阅读表现劣于母语时更为明显。需要注意的是，在较长的观察距离下，高对比度单词的阅读表现差异在远视者和非远视者之间较为细微，这表明与年龄或队列相关的感知、运动和认知差异几乎可以忽略不计，但调节很重要。这些结果表明，调节减退的影响受到阅读材料语言的影响。
