Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2020;72(4):309-315. doi: 10.1159/000501202. Epub 2019 Jul 15.
The impact of body posture on vocal emission is well known. Postural changes may increase muscular resistance in tracts of the phono-articulatory apparatus and lead to voice disorders. This work aimed to assess whether and to which extent body posture during singing and playing a musical instrument impacts voice performance in professional musicians.
Voice signals were recorded from 17 professional musicians (pianists and guitarists) while they were singing and while they were singing and playing a musical instrument simultaneously. Metrics were extracted from their voice spectrogram using the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP) and included jitter, shift in fundamental voice frequency (sF0), shimmer, change in peak amplitude, noise to harmonic ratio, Voice Turbulence Index, Soft Phonation Index (SPI), Frequency Tremor Intensity Index, Amplitude Tremor Intensity Index, and maximum phonatory time (MPT). Statistical analysis was performed using two-tailed t tests, one-way ANOVA, and χ2 tests. Subjects' body posture was visually assessed following the recommendations of the Italian Society of Audiology and Phoniatrics. Thirty-seven voice signals were collected, 17 during singing and 20 during singing and playing a musical instrument.
Data showed that playing an instrument while singing led to an impairment of the "singer formant" and to a decrease in jitter, sF0, shimmer, SPI, and MPT. However, statistical analysis showed that none of the MDVP metrics changed significantly when subjects played an instrument compared to when they did not. Shoulder and back position affected voice features as measured by the MDVP metrics, while head and neck position did not. In particular, playing the guitar decreased the amplitude of the "singer formant" and increased noise, causing a typical "raucous rock voice."
Voice features may be affected by the use of the instrument the musicians play while they sing. Body posture selected by the musician while playing the instrument may affect expiration and phonation.
身体姿势对发声的影响是众所周知的。姿势的改变可能会增加声道发音器官的肌肉阻力，导致声音障碍。本研究旨在评估专业音乐家在唱歌和演奏乐器时的身体姿势是否以及在何种程度上影响他们的声音表现。
我们记录了 17 名专业音乐家（钢琴家和吉他手）唱歌和同时唱歌和演奏乐器时的声音信号。使用多维语音程序（Multi-Dimensional Voice Program，MDVP）从他们的声谱图中提取了包括抖动、基频（fundamental voice frequency，sF0）偏移、颤音、峰值幅度变化、噪声与谐波比、嗓音湍流指数、软起音指数（Soft Phonation Index，SPI）、频率震颤强度指数、幅度震颤强度指数和最大发音时间（Maximum Phonatory Time，MPT）在内的多项指标。使用双侧 t 检验、单因素方差分析和 χ2 检验进行统计分析。受试者的身体姿势按照意大利听力学和语音学学会的建议进行视觉评估。共采集了 37 个声音信号，其中 17 个在唱歌时采集，20 个在唱歌和演奏乐器时采集。
数据显示，在唱歌的同时演奏乐器会损害“歌唱家共振峰”，并降低抖动、sF0、颤音、SPI 和 MPT。然而，统计分析表明，与不演奏乐器相比，演奏乐器时 MDVP 指标没有一项发生显著变化。肩部和背部位置会影响 MDVP 指标测量的声音特征，而头部和颈部位置不会。特别是，弹吉他会降低“歌唱家共振峰”的幅度并增加噪声，导致典型的“粗糙摇滚声音”。
音乐家在唱歌时使用的乐器可能会影响声音特征。音乐家演奏乐器时选择的身体姿势可能会影响呼气和发声。
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